Transcript Lecture 2 Aesthetics Postgrad

‫الدراسه السلوكية للجماليات في العمارة‬
The Behavioral Study of
Aesthetics in Architecture
1. Introduction & Problem
2. The Study of Aesthetics
3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics
4. Innovative Applications of Aesthetics
5. Conclusions
Origins of Environmental Aesthetics
‫نشأه الدراسة السلوكية للجماليات البيئية‬
1
2
3
Criticism of modern
architecture
New directions in
architecture
Conclusion
‫نقد العمارة الحديثه‬
‫اتجاهات معمارية‬
‫جديدة‬
‫الخالصة‬
Science of environmental aesthetics
‫علم الجماليات البيئيه‬
1
2
3
1
Origins of the Behavioral Study of Envl.
Aesthetics ‫نشأه الدراسة السلوكية للجماليات البيئية‬
Modern Movement (20th C.)
Ideals
Criticism
Functionalism
False imagery
Aesthetic Puritanism
Failure at social level
Uniformity, stylistic
standardization
Impersonal, boring,
does not contribute to
environment
Industrial products
False values
2
New directions in architecture
‫اتجاهات معمارية جديدة‬
Came as a response to criticism of modern architecture
Search for NEW aesthetics
3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics
3.1 Architectural & urban theories of
aesthetics
‫نظريات معمارية عمرانية‬
3.2 Environment-behavior theories of
aesthetics
‫نظريات سلوكية بيئية‬
3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics
3.1 Architectural & urban theories of
aesthetics
‫نظريات معمارية عمرانية‬
Philosophical theories
Architectural/urban theories
Pluralism of contemporary architectural
aesthetics
Architectural
Direction
Aesthetic Imagery
New
Modernism
Loyal to modernism, emphasize aesthetics of formal
composition – E.g. Richard Meier, Charles Gwathmy,
I.M. Pei, Rem Koolhaus, Steven Holl
Post
Modernism
Rejection of simplistic expression of International
Style, calls for use of ornamentation, increase
complexity and ambiguity – E.g. Michael Graves,
Robert Stern
Popular
Architecture
Rejects functional expression of form in favor of bold
ornamentation with “funny” or “sarcastic” attitude
reflecting a culture of consumerism and popular
values – E.g. Michael Graves, Robert Stern, Arate
Isozaki (it is an exaggerated expression of post
modernism
Regionalism
Based on the language of the local traditions, and
context – E.g. Antoine Predock
Contemporary
Vernacular
Rejects “aesthetic anonymity of International Style
Modernism” (Steele, 1997, p.226) in favor of
traditional national styles – E.g. Hassan Fathy,
Rasem Badran, Ricardo Legorreta (similar to
regionalism)
Architectural
Direction
Aesthetic Imagery
Structural expressionism (“relying upon the dynamic
accentuation of elements of construction;” Curtis,
New
1996, p.661) – E.g. Santiago Calatrava
Expressionism
Formal fragmentation (ambiguity by breaking normal
conventions of form relationships) – E.g. Frank Gehry
High-Tech
Architecture
Expression of technology that emulated product
design – E.g. Richard Rogers, Norman Foster
Classical
Revival
Reinterprets language of classical architecture in new
forms and uses
Computer Age
Design
Manipulation of form assisted by computer
advancement – E.g. Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Daniel
Libeskind
Ecological
design /
Sustainable
architecture
Relies on environmental and ecological principles of
nature to derive aesthetic imagery by combining
architecture with nature – E.g. Ken Yeang
‫عناصر التصميم‬
‫اسس التصميم‬
Elements of Design Principles of Design
Line
‫الخط‬
‫الشكل‬
Shape
Value
‫شدة االضاءة‬
Color
‫اللون‬
Movement ‫الحركة‬
Size
‫الحجم‬
Pattern
‫النمط‬
Aesthetic design principles and
elements of design in art and
architecture (Leland, 1990 & others)
Unity
Harmony
Contrast
Rhythm
Repetition
Gradation
Balance
Dominance /
Emphasis
Proportion
Variety
‫الوحدة‬
‫التجانس‬
‫التباين‬
‫االيقاع‬
‫التكرار‬
‫التدرج‬
‫التوازن‬
‫السيطرة‬
‫التأكيد‬
‫النسب‬
‫التنوع‬
Quantitative approach to aesthetics
William Mitchell
Quasi-Quantitative approach to aesthetics
Christopher Alexander
3
Science of environmental
aesthetics
‫علم الجماليات البيئيه‬
Philosophical
Metaphysical
Psychoanalytical
Behavioral / Psychological
EMPIRICAL
Sensory
Aesthetics
1
Formal
Aesthetics
Speculative
2 Symbolic
Aesthetics
3
Science of environmental
aesthetics
‫علم الجماليات البيئيه‬
EMPIRICAL Aesthetics
Relies on scientific or quasi-scientific techniques in the
analysis of the aesthetic experience
Mostly relies on correlational analysis
Measure the relationship between 2 or more variables that
vary naturally or deliberately by manipulation
Mostly focus on formal or structural aspects of objects (as
independent variables) & people’s subjective feelings about
them (as dependent variables)