YOU WILL LEARN: • APPLICATION OF THE MODEL TO SPAIN’S COSTA del SOL • APPLYING TODAYS TOURIST DESTINATIONS TO THE MODEL

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Based on MEDC tourism Life Cycle of a Resort Tourism viewed as a resource 6 Stages

Exploration Involvement Development Consolidation Stagnation Decline OR Rejuvenation

   Small number of tourist attracted by culture / natural beauty Limited numbers Few facilities exist

   Large numbers of tourists Control of market moves from locals to external bodies e.g. TNC’s Conflict between residents and tourists

  At this stage mass tourism replaces what was once the original economic function of the settlement.

It may appear that the local culture is being diminished by a more international culture

    Tourist numbers plateau Older facilities seen as “second rate” Peak tourist numbers reached Resort no longer fashionable

    Attractiveness continues to decline Visitors lost to other resorts / destinations Resort becomes dependant on day / weekend visitors from limited geographical area Unless efforts made to modernise and rejuvenate resort will continue to decline

Spain - Costa del Sol

   Exploration ◦ 1960’s only 0.4 million tourists to the Costa del Sol, visiting for the beach holidays Involvement ◦ 1970's numbers rose to 3 million. ◦ Farmland built on, infrastructure improved. ◦ Transition from resource based to demand based Development & Consolidation ◦ 1980’s numbers rocketed to 7 million (carrying capacity reached) ◦ Clubs, bars, restaurants and more hotels were built, leading to environmental degradation.

 Stagnation ◦ Late 1980’s area began to stagnate, and was no longer fashionable. ◦ Attractive mountainous area blocked by large hotel developments, ◦ Beaches dirty from litter left by tourists ◦ ◦ Polluted from excessive sewage. Strain on resources e.g. water  It takes 60 000 gallons to run a luxury hotel for a day .

 Decline OR Rejuvenation??

◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 1990s Costa del Sol began rejuvenation.

Beaches tidied &achieved EU Blue Flag VAT cut to 6% to encourage tourists and businesses Tourism began to diversify to eco tourism and heritage tourism.  Development of Coto Donana national park to 'Costa Donana’ abandoned   Wetland area popular with rare birds Previous development had seen a drop in the water table and the death of 30 000 wild birds form pesticide contamination

   In pairs apply the resorts you have been given to the larger copy of the model.

Discuss your reasons for placing the resorts at a stage of the model.

Finalise the applied model with a class discussion.