Transcript Tourism Models - Doomby
The Butler Tourism Model
• Based on MEDC tourism • Cycle of a resort development, tourism and decline.
• Tourism viewed as a resource • The model has 6 Stages: – Exploration – Involvement – Development – Consolidation – Stagnation – Decline/Rejuvenation
The Butler Model
EACH STAGE EXPLAINED…
Exploration
• • • Small number of tourist attracted by culture/natural beauty.
Limited numbers.
Few facilities exist.
EACH STAGE EXPLAINED…
Involvement
• • • Some involvement by locals to provide tourists with facilities.
Recognisable tourist season.
Developing tourism market.
EACH STAGE EXPLAINED…
Development
• • • Large numbers of tourists.
Control of market moves from locals to external bodies e.g. TNC’s.
Conflict between residents and tourists.
EACH STAGE EXPLAINED…
Consolidation
• • • Tourism constitutes major part of the economy.
Tourist numbers plateau.
Older facilities seen as “second rate”.
EACH STAGE EXPLAINED…
Stagnation
• • Peak tourist numbers reached.
Resort no longer fashionable.
EACH STAGE EXPLAINED…
Decline OR Rejuvenation
• • • • Attractiveness continues to decline.
Visitors lost to other resorts / destinations.
Resort becomes dependant on day / weekend visitors from limited geographical area.
Unless efforts made to modernise and rejuvenate resort will continue to decline.
Case Study
Spain – Costa del Sol
EXPLORATION
– 1960’s only 0.4 million tourists to the Costa del Sol, visiting for the beach holidays.
INVOLVEMENT
– 1970's numbers rose to 3 million. – Farmland built on, infrastructure improved. – Transition from resource based to demand based.
DEVELOPMENT & CONSOLIDATION
– 1980’s numbers rocketed to 7 million (carrying capacity reached).
– Clubs, bars, restaurants and more hotels were built, leading to environmental degradation.
STAGNATION
– Late 1980’s area began to stagnate, and was no longer fashionable. – Attractive mountainous area blocked by large hotel developments.
– Beaches dirty from litter left by tourists.
– Polluted from excessive sewage. – Strain on resources e.g. water • It takes 60 000 gallons to run a luxury hotel for a day.
DECLINE OR REJUVENATION??
– – – – 1990s Costa del Sol began rejuvenation.
Beaches tidied and achieved EU Blue Flag. VAT cut to 6% to encourage tourists and businesses. Tourism began to diversify to ecotourism and heritage tourism. • Development of Coto Donana national park to 'Costa Donana’ abandoned • Wetland area popular with rare birds • Previous development had seen a drop in the water table and the death of 30 000 wild birds form pesticide contamination
SPANISH TOURISM TODAY
• • • • Tourism spread more inland to Madrid and Barcelona.
Historical & City based tourism gains popularity.
Culturally diverse areas such as Almeria have also gained popularity.
Spain has not seen a decline in tourism, but a spatial change moving inland.
Costa Del Sol
• Make a copy of Butlers model. (use a whole page) • Using the worksheet, decide which statements match each stage.
• Annotate your graph in your exercise books.
• In another colour, add detail using your Costa Del Sol case study.