Transcript No Slide Title

Entrepreneurship in
research education
- Future needs
Kristian E. Stubkjaer
[email protected]
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Founded in 1829
The famous Danish scientist H.C. Ørsted was
the first Rector
In 2001, the Technical University of Denmark
achieved autonomy
In 2004 the science and industry park SCION
was incorporated into DTU
On 1 January 2007, DTU merged with Risø National Laboratory, the Danish
Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, the Danish Institute for Fisheries
Research, the Danish National Space Center, and the Danish Transport Research
Institute.
The new Technical University of Denmark is a broadly founded, business-oriented
technological university where research goes hand in hand with education,
innovation and advisory functions for government authorities.
Facts and Figures 2007
Students:
7000 Students
850 PhD-students (3 years)
600 Exchange students (3-6 months)
200 DTU students in international
exchange
900 Participants in supplementary and
further education
Research:
1833 Research papers in ISI-journals
175 PhD dissertations
Turnover 415 mill. Euro
Innovation:
80 Patent proposals
55 Accepted patent proposals
30 Filed patent applications
Staff: (FTE)
550 Faculty members
1050 Senior researchers
(permanent contr.)
500 Researchers (non permanent
contr.)
1950 Support staff
Uddrag af ph.d. bekendtgørelsen
• § 1. Ph.d.-uddannelsen er en forskeruddannelse, der har til
formål i samspil med den internationale forskningsverden
at uddanne forskere på internationalt niveau. Ph.d.uddannelsen gennemføres hovedsageligt gennem udøvelse
af aktivt forskningsarbejde under vejledning.
• Stk. 2. Ph.d.-uddannelsen tager sigte på at opfylde
nuværende og fremtidige behov for kvalificeret
arbejdskraft til forsknings-, udviklings- og
undervisningsopgaver i relation til universiteter, andre
institutioner, virksomheder og organisationer samt til andre
offentlige og private funktioner, hvor der forudsættes et
bredt kendskab til forskning.
Entrepreneurship not mentioned –
but an element we emphasize
Fundamental elements for (modern)
universities
Next generation scientists
Courses get input from new research
Education
Students learn industry's way
of thinking, IPR etc.
Research
Research projects result in
new knowledge and products
InnovationIndustry's needs influence
Student projects also a way of
creating innovation
Life long learning for industry
staff
research topics
DTU – Collaboration with industry and
technology transfer
In a DTU-context innovation is research based
progress – preferably sustainable – at an external
partner aiming at value added growth
It can happen via common projects with
companies (student projects, collaborative projects
etc.) or by transfer of IP (know-how, inventions,
software).
Objectives for innovation
•
DTU will have a coherent system of innovation that
includes research, education, patenting, licensing,
industrial cooperation, company incubation and
activities related to science parks
•
DTU will offer a program of continuing and further
education with broad coverage that disseminates
the newest insight into the technical and natural
sciences to companies professionals and
individuals
A classification for innovation
’Red ocean’ &
incremental
innovation.
Old
Harley’s for middleaged men, mechanical
Market
watches
Technology
Old
State of the art
(known)
New
New
Trends and
fashion
User/customer
Technology driven
driven
Smaller mobile
phones
Radical, disruptive,
Blue Ocean.
Smarter mobile
phones and PCs
Players and relations in Entrepreneurship
DTU
DFM A/S
Væksthus+
Bioneer A/S
SCION-DTU
A/S
IPU
AFI
DTU Innovation
A/S
Seed Capital
Cooperation with
GTS institutes
What is Entrepreneurship?
Entrepreneurship is "the process of looking
at things in such a way, that possible
solutions to problems and perceived
needs may evolve in venturing."
Saskatchewan Government; Ministry of Learning
venture (plural ventures)
A risky or daring journey or undertaking.
Here: a risky commercial undertaking with an upside
- a so-called hockey stick -
John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+
Why is Entrepreneurship important?
Can a University make a Difference?
MIT, Cambridge, Boston
• One in four faculty involved in technology venturing
• 5.000+ companies founded by graduates and faculty
since 1861
• Employees at MIT– companies > 1.000.000
• Sales of MIT- companies > $250 Billion/yr
(DKK 2005: 285 Billion USD)
• If a nation: 24th largest in the world
John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+
Why is Entrepreneurship important?
Does it matter what a university does?
Technical University of Denmark
John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+
DTU opfindelser
31. december
2006
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Totalt
Modtagne
anmeldelser
25
37
35
35
46
44
53*
275
Overtaget
17
26
18
26
39
34
29
189
Efterfølgende
tilbagegivet
opfinderne
8
18
11
19
16
7
1
Solgt til selskaber
0
0
4
1
3
5
4
80 **
17
****
Licens til selskaber
0
0
2
2
1
0
2
7
Solgt til Start-up
selskaber
0
1
2
1
0
4
6
Licens til Start-up
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
4
Ret til fremtidige
opfindelser til Startup
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
5
Indgivne patentansøgninger
15
19
13
18
31
28
21
14
****
10 opfindelser er i 2 mdr. perioden
*** Registreres i det år, opfindelsen blev anmeldt
***Der er indgivet 135 patentansøgninger for DTU opfindelser (heraf 14 i fællesskab med andre institutioner/ selskaber),
54 er senere tilbagegivet til opfinderne, 14 patentansøgninger er indgivet af andre selskaber under samarbejdsaftaler
**** 13 opfindelser, solgt inden patentansøgning var indgivet, ville også være blevet patentansøgt af DTU
Patentportefølje: 9 udstedte patenter
135
***
Contribution of PhD students to inventions
2005
2006
2007*
Total number of patent
ideas
44
53
14
number with ph.d.
students involved
21
24
6
DTU cases
.
Variety of PhD programs and financing
• DTU stipends
• Co-financing via research schools (3x1/3)
– Industry participation – typically with cosupervision
• Industrial PhD-program
– Industry employment – co-supervision
• Research councils
• EEC research programs
• Industry (part or complete financing)
• Innovation-PhD (5 students – trial started in 2004)
How do we encourage PhD entrepreneurship?
• Applicants have to state innovative aspects of proposed study
• General introduction on how to handle IPR
• Elective entrepreneurship courses are available
General (PhD as an employee)
• DTU encourages employees/students to consider starting new
companies
• Departments are dedicated to further innovation by supporting
company formation
• Knowledge based entrepreneurs have access to facilities,
consultancy and (pre-seed) capital
• DTU has established paradigms for transferring IPR to start-up
companies
Courses addressing patenting
Informatics and Mathematical
Modelling
• ITMAN Graduate School
Seminars
BioCentrum-DTU
• Research and Development
• Pharmaceutical Technology
• Bioinformatics and Gene
Discovery
• FOOD Summer School: FOOD a matter of life and death
Department of Chemical
Engineering
• Chemical and Biochemical
Product Design1
• Design and test your own
product ideas
Ørsted DTU
• Biomedical product
development
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
• Innovation in Product
Development
Department of Manufacturing
Engineering and Management
• Advanced Surface Technology
• Business Law for engineers
• Knowledge based
Entrepreneurship
• Technology, economics,
management and organisation
• Study Division
• Information Retrieval
Entrepreneurship course for PhD students
Ph.D. Course 42705
Knowledge based Entrepreneurship
• First time: 2005
• 5 ECTS, 100 – 150 hours
• See www.entrepreneur.dk
• Only precondition: > 10 students sign up
• Takes 8 – 9 weeks, lectures, 6 afternoons
• 30 students attended in spring 2007
Given by VÆKSTHUS+
42435 Knowledge based Entrepreneurship
Enable
“Hi Allstudents to:
• IIdentify
business
opportunities
Clayton
M.this
Christensen
in ’Innovators
Dilemma’:
just
finished
year’s
version
of the DTU
course 42705
• ‘Knowledge
Develop
business
ideas
driven
creativity)
Markets
that Don’t
Exist(Opportunity
Can’t Beand
Analyzed
based
entrepreneurship’
I am convinced
• that
Develop
models
this isbusiness
the course,
of all courses undertaken so far, that
• will
Analyse
markets
technological
products and services
have the
biggestforimpact
on my future.”
• Set up questionaires and inverview customers
Jeppe
• Analyze customer value proposition
• Plan the establishment of a company (Business
planning)
• Determine capital requirements
• Establish cash flow projection
• Establish budgets on profit/loss, assets/liabilities
• Calculate an equity investment
• Specify management competence profiles
Our Innovation-PhD trial
Started in 2004 with
• Lars Henning (Rindorf)
• Sarah (Ruepp)
• Troels (Christensen)
• Lars Tønnes (Jakobsen)
• Niels (Bech)
Each presented an idea suitable for PhD study + product
development
All 5 expected to finish later in 2007!
What is an Innovation-PhD?
• Standard DTU PhD study, plus:
– Insights into innovative and economic aspects of
research & development and IPR
– Writing of a business plan
• Criteria of success:
– Clarification of the timeframe for commercial
introduction of the investigated area
– Company start-up
– Transfer of technology (e.g. a patent)
– Introduction of a product
Sarah Ruepp COM-DTU
Niels’ idea: Flash pyrolysis of straw
Introduction > Flash Pyrolysis > Pyrolyzer > Products > PCR > Results > Conclusions
24/12
Straw for energy
Wheat Straw for Energy
Baling
• Increasing interest in
straw as energy
• 130 MMton straw in EU
• 30 to 50 % available
Transport
• Baled-straw has low
energy density
• Transport
• >75% related to logistics
Handling
Raking
Straw
Overhead
Interest
Insurance
Storage
N. BECH, 15th European Biomass Conference, 09.05.07
Bench Pyrolysis Centrifuge
• Development of a reactor system for
conversion of straw to high density bio-oil
or bio-slurry in the field
Introduction > Flash Pyrolysis > Pyrolyzer > Products > PCR > Results > Conclusions
26/12
The Pyrolyzer
• Resolve dilemma
• Eliminate baling,
handling, and transport
of straw
• Improve farmer’s
financial incentive
Bech et al. WO 2006/117006.
N. BECH, 15th European Biomass Conference, 09.05.07
Lars’ idea: Crystal fiber for detection
of bio molecules
• Fluoresces
• Evanescent wave
sensing
• DNA og proteins
Jesper B. Jensen et al. (2004) Optics Letters 29: 1974-1976
Jesper Bo Jensen et al. (2005) Optics Express 15:5883
Lars Rindorf et al. (2006) Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (accepteret)
Troels’ idea: Lab-on-a-chip sample pretreatment
Sarah’s idea: Network Survivability
Network failures affect our society, and should hence be
avoided or rapidly recovered from through smart network
design and efficient recovery mechanisms.
• Making optical networks
resilient to failures in a
dynamic way (restoration)
• Developing algorithms and
methods to achieve efficient
restoration,
• Evaluating the possibility of
applying network restoration
techniques in today’s and
near-future networks, possibly
patenting some of the findings,
developing a software product
Software
Failure !!
Lars T’s idea: Digital control of
switching power converters
Digital power management can reduce power
consumption in processor units and other equipment by
controlling the voltage as a function of processor load
Vout(t)
230 V
Primary side
startup
controller
Gate
drive
IC
d(n)
DPWM
PWM
output
Digital
compensator
e(n)
V out(n)
+-
Ref
Digital controller
ADC
Pros and Cons of an Innovation PhD
Sarah’s view
Pros:
-
-
Ones research work may be directly
applied in a new product or
company, which is very motivating
Chance to learn about the economic
aspects of research
Coaching by entrepreneur experts
(i.e. DTU Innovation)
Scientific curriculum can be
extended with courses related to
entrepreneurship, IPR, business
economy, etc., which gives a
broader scope and understanding
Focus on potentially patentable
ideas from the start of the PhD study
Cons and Challenges:
-
-
-
Extended workload (the
”innovation part” comes as
surplus to standard PhD work)
Difficulty to participate in
industrial collaborations due to
potential IPR issues
Not being able to research
”freely”, all work should be
related to potential product
Conclusions
PhD education:
• Focus should always be on high level research
• Continue and improve information on entrepreneurship
• Make courses on entrepreneurship mandatory?
• More Innovation-PhD’s?
Important that the university environment in general is
entrepreneurial and supports innovative efforts
Einstein:
Not everything that counts can be counted
Not everything that can be counted counts
Entrepreneurkursus
Faglig orientering
Tekniske målområder defineres af interessefelterne for institutterne COM, Ørsted og MIC.
Kommercialisering
Fokus på etablering, udvikling og salg af virksomhed i samarbejde med investorer og strategiske partnere.
Læringsmetodik
Forelæsninger, cases, projektarbejde i grupper på 2 – 4 deltagere.
Evaluering
Præsentation af forretningsplan
Merit
5 point
Placering
Forelæsninger: 5 eftermiddage à 3 timer. 1 forelæsningsdag per uge. Kick-off, tirsdag 5. april klokken 14.00
Projektarbejde: 2 måneder fra kick-off med vejledning 1X per uge efter aftale.
Evaluering: tirsdag 31. maj.
Fagligt indhold
• Entrepreneurskab og erfaringslære
• Forretningsidéer og forretningsmodeller
• Erhvervsjura: immaterialret og selskabsret for videnbaserede iværksættere
• Finansiering: kapitaltyper, finansieringsmodeller, pre-seed og early stage investorer
• Afsætningsøkonomi: Michael Porters markedsmodel, research, analyse, markedsføring
• Erhvervsøkonomi: grundlæggende virksomhedsøkonomi, budgettering
• Forretningsplanlægning
Cases (tentativt)
• Alight (John E. Østergaard)
• MMPhotons (Bonni Kryger)
• Nanomask (Theodor Nielsen)
• Image Metrology (Jan Friis Jørgensen)
Vejledning
• John Heebøll
• Eksterne parter efter nærmere aftale.
• The entrepreneur has an enthusiastic vision, the driving force of an
enterprise.
• The entrepreneur's vision is usually supported by an interlocked
collection of specific ideas not available to the marketplace.
• The overall blueprint to realize the vision is clear, however details may
be incomplete, flexible, and evolving.
• The entrepreneur promotes the vision with enthusiastic passion.
• With persistence and determination, the entrepreneur develops
strategies to change the vision into reality.
• The entrepreneur takes the initial responsibility to cause a vision to
become a success.
• Entrepreneurs take prudent risks. They assess costs, market/customer
needs and persuade others to join and help.
• An entrepreneur is usually a positive thinker and a decision maker.
Entrepreneurkursus, PhD-niveau
KURSUSBESKRIVELSE
Målsætning
Kursusdeltager skal udvikle grundlæggende og praktisk
anvendelige kompetencer indenfor forretningsmæssig
nyttiggørelse af avanceret teknisk viden, teknologi og
forskningsresultater.
Resultatet af kursusdeltagelsen er en grundlæggende
forretningsplan, som præsenteres af projektgruppen (2-4
deltagere) for faglærer og censor, ultimo maj.
DTU framework for company formation
• DTU encourages employees and students to consider starting
up new companies
• Departments are dedicated to further innovation by supporting
company formation
• Knowledge based entrepreneurs have access to facilities,
consultancy and (pre-seed) capital
• DTU has established paradigms for transferring IPR to start-up
companies
• Elective entrepreneurship courses are availble to m.sc. and ph.d.
students
• Study line in Design & Innovation
Many Factors
Patents & licences
Technology
Human
resources
Facilities
Capital
New enterprises
New products & services
ITMAN Graduate School Seminars
• The aim of this course is to give a broad introduction to a series of
non-technical-scientific subjects which are vital for the PhD student’s
academic and private business career.
The invited guest speakers will introduce their specialist topics and
expand on these according to the specific needs of the target audience,
e.g. “how to secure a software patent”, “how to raise capital for private
enterprise” and “dissemination of knowledge in research networks”.
The students will achieve a general knowledge and insight into related,
relevant fields which will enable them to improve their overall
communication, research and business competences in relation to their
PhD studies.
Each student will, according to own interests and goal, further develop
(a) given topic(s) in relation to his/her PhD project in a short report.
•
VÆKSTHUS+
What is Entrepreneurship? II
Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new ventures,
particularly new businesses. No – it’s about new business areas;
mostly exploited by existing companies
Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a majority of
new businesses fail. – Wrong in high-tech venturing
Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on
the type of organization that is being started. Partly right – but
venturing in a specific business area is pretty much the same
inside a company compared to starting a new one
Entrepreneurship may involve creating many job opportunities.
Yes indeed – and a lot of values too.
Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit
John Heebøll VÆKSTHUS+