Transcript Sunnah as the source of Islamic Law

Sunnah/Hadith as
the Second Source
of Islamic Law
Muhamad Rofiq
PENGERTIAN
ُ‫ْج ِديد‬
َ ‫ال‬
ُ‫الْ َخبَ ر‬
ُ‫ْح ِديْث‬
َ ‫اَل‬
Hadis /sunnah secara istilah:
ِ
ِ
ِ
َّ
‫ُأوُفِ ْعالًُأوُتَ ْق ِر ًيرا‬
‫ال‬
‫و‬
ُ
‫ُصلىُاهللُعليهُوسلمُق‬
‫ي‬
‫ب‬
‫ن‬
‫ىُال‬
‫ل‬
‫إ‬
ُ
‫ف‬
‫ي‬
‫ض‬
َ
َ
ً
َ
ِّ
ْ ‫َماُأ‬
ْ ْ
Segala hal yg disandarkan kpd Nabi saw, baik berupa perkataan,
perbuatan dan persetujuan beliau.
“Whatever is transmitted from the Prophet of his actions,
sayings and tacit approvals”.
Types of SUNNAH
• Sunnah qauliyah (saying)
• Sunnah fi’liyah (action)
• Sunnah taqririyah (tacit approval)
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FUNGSI HADIS terhadap al-Quran
1. al-ta’kîd / al-taqrîr: Utk mempertegas apa yg telah
dinyatakan dalam Al-Quran.
Contoh : hadis yang menekankan pentingnya iman dan
akhlak yang juga menjadi perintah dalam al-Quran.
2. al-tafsîr / al-tawdlîh: Untuk menjelaskan Al-Quran
dengan merinci ayat yang bersifat global.
Contoh: Hadis tentang tatacara berwudlu, tatacara shalat,
puasa, tatacara zakat, dll.
4
3. al-tasyrî‘: Menambahkan hukum yg tidak
didapati dlm Al-Quran.
contoh: haramnya emas dan sutra bg laki-laki,
dll.
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UNSUR HADIS
1. Sanad/ ُ‫َسنَد‬
Sekumpulan orang yang meriwayatkan hadis
Nabi secara beruntun.
2.
Matan/ ُ‫ َمتَن‬,
Lafal hadis yg mengandung informasi mengenai
Nabi.
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Every hadeeth consists of two sections. The first
section is a list of all those who transmitted the
saying of the Prophet beginning with the last
transmitter to the one who collected it in his book
and ending with the companion who narrated it
from the Prophet. The second section is the narrated
saying, action, approval or physical description of
the Prophet.
The first portion is known as the isnaad or the
SANAD (chain of narrators) and the second is called
the MATN (text).
Contoh: HR. al-Bukhâri (No: 16) ttg Manisnya Iman:
ُ‫ َح َّدثَنَا أَيوبُ َع ُْن أَبِي قِالَبَُةَ َع ْن‬:‫ال‬
َُ َ‫اب الثَّ َق ِفيُ ق‬
ُِ ‫ َح َّدثَنَا َع ْبدال َُْو َّه‬:‫ال‬
َُ َ‫َح َّدثَنَا م َح َّمدُ بْنُ الْمثَ نَّى ق‬
ِ ‫س ب ُِن مالِكُ ر‬
ِ
َّ
ِ
‫ ثَالَثُ َم ُْن ك َُّن فِ ُِيه َو َج َُد‬:‫ال‬
َُ َ‫صلَّى اللَّه َعلَْي ُِه َو َسلَّ َُم ق‬
ُ
‫ي‬
‫ب‬
َّ
‫ن‬
‫ال‬
ُ
‫ن‬
‫ع‬
‫هم‬
‫ن‬
‫ع‬
‫ه‬
‫ل‬
‫ال‬
‫ي‬
‫ض‬
ْ
َ
َ
ِّ
َ
َ ْ ُِ َ‫أَن‬
َ
ِ ‫اْليم‬
َّ
َ
‫ب ال َْم ْرَُء ُالَ ي ِحبهُ إِ ُالَّ لِلَُِّه َوأَ ُْن‬
َُّ ‫ب إِلَُْي ُِه ِم َّما ِس َواه َما َوأَ ُْن ي ِح‬
َُّ ‫َح‬
‫أ‬
‫ه‬
ُ
‫ول‬
‫س‬
‫ه‬
ُ
‫ل‬
‫ال‬
ُ
‫ن‬
‫و‬
‫ك‬
‫ي‬
ُ
‫ن‬
‫أ‬
ُ
‫ان‬
‫ر‬
‫و‬
ْ
َ
َ
َ
ََ
َ ِْ ‫َحالَ َوَُة‬
‫ف ُفِي النَّا ُِر‬
َُ ‫ود فِي الْك ْف ُِر َك َما يَ ْك َرهُ أَ ُْن ي ْق َذ‬
َُ ‫يَ ْك َرَُه أَ ُْن يَع‬
Muhammad bin al-Mutsanna telah menceritakan kepada kami
(Bukhari), ia berata: Abdul Wahhab al-Tsaqafi telah menceritakan
kepada kami, ia berkata: Ayyub telah menceritakan kepada kami, dari
Abu Qilabah, dari Anas bin Malik Ra. Dari Nabi Sa. Beliau bersabda:
Tiga orang yang bisa mendapatkan manisnya iman, yaitu: orang yang
mencintai Allah dan rasul-Nya lebih dari selain keduanyan, orang yang
mencintai seseorang hanya karena Allah dan orang yang membencii
kembali kepada kekufuran, seperti ia benci dilempar ke api neraka.
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‫‪Sanad hadis di atas adalah:‬‬
‫ك (و ‪ 91‬ه)‬
‫ن َمالِ ٍ‬
‫س ْب ِ‬
‫أَنَ ِ‬
‫أَبِي قِال َ َب َة (و ‪ 103‬ه)‬
‫أَيُّوب (و ‪ 131‬ه)‬
‫ي (‪ 194‬ه)‬
‫هابِ ال َّث َق ِف ُّ‬
‫َع ْبدا ْل َو َّ‬
‫مد ْبن ا ْلم َث َّنى (‪ 252‬ه)‬
‫م َ‬
‫ح َّ‬
‫ى (‪ 256‬ه)‬
‫ا ْلبخار ّ‬
‫ن‬
‫ن ُ‬
‫َث َ‬
‫م ْ‬
‫ك َّ‬
‫‪ adalah matan hadis.‬فِي ال َّنا ِر ‪ hingga‬ثَال ٌ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ه ‪Adapun lafal‬‬
‫فِي ِ‬
HADIS SHAHIH :
Hadis yg diriwayatkan oleh periwayat yg ‘adil
(muslim yg memiliki integritas akhlaq),
sempurna kekuatan hapalannya, bersambung
sanad-nya, tidak bertentangan dengan yang
lebih kuat & tidak memiliki kecacatan
tersembunyi.
“A Hadeeth Saheeh is one which has a continuous
isnaad, made up of trustworthy narrators who
have good and precise memory, which is found to
be free from any incoherencies and irregularities or
defects.”
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LEGAL SUNNAH
(SUNNAH TASHRIYYAH)
 Prophetic activities and instructions as the Prophet (SM), as the
Head of the State and as Judge
NON-LEGAL SUNNAH
(SUNNAH GHAYR TASHRIYYAH)
Natural activities of the Prophet (Al-afal-al-jibilliyyah), e.g.,
 The manner in which he ate, slept, dressed and such other
activities, which do not form a part of Shariah.
 This is called adat (habit) of the Prophet
 As for the acts and sayings of the Prophet that related to particular
circumstances, e.g., strategy of war, including such devices that
misled the enemy forces, timing of attack, siege or withdrawal,
these too are considered to be situational and not a part of the
Shariah.
HADITH QUDSI

A Hadith Qudsi (plural Ahadith Qudsiyyah) is a statement where Prophet
Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) reports a statement and he
refers it directly to Allah.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
HADITH QUDSI AND THE QURAN
QURAN
HADITH QUDSI
1.
The Hadith Qudsi was not a
verbatim revelation, its words are
from the Prophet (peace and
blessings be upon him).
2.
Hadith Qudsi may have been
inspired by other ways, such as in
the form of a dream.
The words of the Qur'an are
miraculous or inimitable (mu'jizah).
3.
The words of the Hadith Qudsi are
not of this nature
The Qur'an is recited in formal
prayers (salah)
4.
the Hadith Qudsi cannot be recited
in prayers.
1.
The Qur'an was revealed to the
Prophet (peace and blessings be
upon him) verbatim, i.e. its words
and meanings are both from Allah.
2.
The Qur'an was revealed via Angel
Jibreel
3.
4.
SOME SELECTED
HADITHS
Hadith about drinking wine
ِ َ‫اصرها ومعت‬
ِ ‫ وع‬،‫ ولَعن َشا ِرب ها وساقِي ها‬،‫اْلَمر‬
َ‫ َوالخ َم خح ُمولَة‬،‫ َو َح ِاملَ َها‬،‫صَرَها‬
‫لَ َع َن اللَّهُ خ خ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ خ‬
ِ ِ
[‫ َوآكِ َل مثنها ]رواه ابو داود و ابن ماجه‬،‫اع َها‬
َ َ‫ َوُمخبت‬،‫ َوبَائ َع َها‬،‫إِلَخيه‬
“Allah has cursed Khamr (intoxicants – alcohol, wine, etc.), the one who
drinks it, the one who pours it for others, the one who sells it, the one
who buys it, the one who makes it, the one who it is made for, the one
who carries it, the one who it is carried to and the one who consumes
the money from its sale.”
Allah melaknat peminum khamar, yang menyuguhkannya, yang
menjualnya, yang membelinya, yang membuatnya, yang meyuruh
membuat, yang memanggul dan yang menerimanya” (Hadits riwayat
Abu Daud dan Ibnu Majjah).
Hadith about khalwat (seclusion)
"a man cannot be alone with a woman except
along with a male relative [of hers]." [Bukhari &
Muslim]
KEEPING DOG
ِ ‫عن اب ِن عمر ر‬
ِ
ِ
‫ َم ِن‬: ‫صلَّى اهللُ َعلَخي ِه َو َسلَّ َم قَ َال‬
‫َّب‬
‫ن‬
‫ال‬
‫ن‬
‫ع‬
‫ا‬
‫م‬
‫ه‬
‫ن‬
‫ع‬
‫اهلل‬
‫ى‬
‫ض‬
َ
‫خ‬
َ ٍُ َِ ُ ِ َ ِ َ َ َ ُ ‫خ‬
ِ‫ ََََ ُك َّل َ وٍٍ ِمن عملِ ِه قِرياطَان‬،‫ضا ِرَ ٍة ى‬
َ َ ‫س ب َك خلب َماشيَة أ خَو‬
َ َ َ ‫َ َخ خ‬
َ ‫اقخ تَ ََن َك خلبًا لَخي‬
)‫(رواه البخاري و مسلم‬
Dari Ibnu Umar Ra, dari Nabi Saw. beliau bersabda: “barangsiapa yang
memelihara anjing, selain anjing ternak dan anjing untuk berburu, maka
berkuranglah setiap hari dari perbuatannnya dua qirath” (HR. Bukhari dan
Muslim)
It was narrated that Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “I heard
the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say:
‘Whoever keeps a dog, except a dog that is trained for hunting or a dog for
herding livestock, his reward will decrease each day by two qeeraats.’”
(Bukhaari; Muslim)
Criterion of choosing wife or
husband
ِ ‫عن‬
ِ‫أِب ُهَرَخ َرَة – َر ِضي اهللُ َعخنهُ – َع ِن الن‬
‫ تُخن َك ُح‬:‫صلّى اهللُ َعلَخي ِه َو َسلّ خم – قَ َال‬
– ‫َّب‬
‫ى‬
َ
‫خ‬
‫خ‬
َ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ِ
ْ‫ ْ ََ َد خا‬
‫ َولدَخن َها فَاظخ َف خر ب ََذاِ الدىَخ ِن تَ ِربَ خ‬،‫ َوِلَ َماِلَا‬،‫ َوِلَ َسب َها‬،‫ ملاِلَا‬:‫امل خرأةُ ِل خَربَ ٍع‬
َ
[‫] رواه مسلم‬
"A woman is married for her deen, her wealth or her beauty. You must go for
the one with deen, may your hands be in the dust! (if you fail to heed)"
[Muslim]
Dari Abu Hurairah – rhadiyallahu anhu – dari Nabi Muhammad SAW, beliau
berkata: “Seorang perempuan dinikahi karena empat perkara, karena hartanya,
karena kedudukannya, karena kecantikannya, (atau) karena agamanya. Pilihlah
yang beragama, maka kau akan beruntung,
Preserving Environment
: ‫ول اللَّ ِه صلى اهلل عليه وسلم‬
ُ ‫ال َر ُس‬
َ َ‫ال ق‬
َ َ‫َع خن ُم َع ِاذ بخ ِن َجبَ ٍل ق‬
ِ
‫ث الخبَ َر َاز ِِف الخ َم َوا ِرِد َوقَا ِر َع ِة الطَّ ِر َِق َوالظى ىل‬
‫ال‬
‫ث‬
‫ال‬
‫ن‬
‫ع‬
َّ
َ َ َ َ‫اتَّ َُوا الخ َمال‬
(‫)رواه أبو داود‬
Mu`adh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet
warned, "Beware of the three acts that cause you to be cursed:
relieving yourselves in shaded places (that people utilize), in a
walkway or in a watering place.«
Dari Muadz ibn Jabal, ia berkata. Rasulullah saw bersabda: “Takutilah
tiga perkara yang menimbulkan laknat: buang air besar di saluran air
(sumber air), di tengah jalan dan di tempat orang berteduh.” (H.R. Abu
Dawud)
ANTI CORRUPTION
ِ ‫ع ِن النَِب صلَّي اهلل علِي‬
‫استَ خع َملنَاهُ َعلَي‬
‫ن‬
‫م‬
‫ال‬
‫ق‬
‫م‬
‫ل‬
‫س‬
‫و‬
‫ه‬
َ
ّ
َ
‫َ ى َ ِ َ خ َ َ َ َِ خ خ‬
‫ك فَ خه َو غُلُ خوٌل‬
َ ‫أخ ََذ بَ خع َد ذل‬
َ ‫َع َم ٍل فَ َرَزقخ نَاهُ رخزقًا فَ َما‬
)‫(رواه أبو داود‬
“Siapa saja yang telah aku angkat sebagai pekerja dalam
satu jabatan kemudian aku berikan gaji, maka sesuatu
yang diterima di luar gajinya adalah korupsi (ghulul).”
(HR. Abu Dawud)
"When we appoint someone to a (public) post and provide
him with an allowance, anything he takes beyond that is
an ill-gotten gain. (Abu Dawud)