Transcript Presentation Title

Improving Governance and
Development in Africa through Demand
Side Approaches
Jeff Thindwa
Global Civil Society Team
World Bank
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…Some Trends
Average growth 5.5% in 2005, 5.3.% in
2006
9 countries grew near or over 7% in
2005
4% growth for 10 years in 17 countries
Poverty 41% in 2004, down from 47% in
1990
Will fall to 37% by 2015 on current trend
Gross primary school enrolment rate:
96% in 2004, up from 72% in 1991
1990-2004, U-5 mortality fell from 161 to
2
149 per 1000 live births
……Trends
Africa 3rd fastest reforming region
Tanzania, Ghana in top 10 reformers in
the world
ARV recipients increased 5X from 2001-5
Oil exports jumped from 40% of GDP in
2002 to 69%
14 Countries endorsed Extractive
Industries Transparency Initiative - EITI
Debt relief a major achievement
Development assistance stalled
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Reforming Governance
 Key WBG Africa priority: support good
governance
 Quality of governance key to economic growth
and poverty reduction
 Transparency and accountability central tenets
of effective governance
 Historical focus on “supply-side” reforms to
improve governance
 Growing consensus on importance of public
scrutiny and enhanced stakeholder demand.
 Governance reforms must stimulate, channel,
and building capacity for demand.
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 Civil society a critical part of this demand.
Civil Society: More than the NGOs
A wide variety of private organizations with a presence in public life expressing
the interests and values of their members or others, based on cultural,
economic, ethical, political, or religious considerations.
National
Think-Tanks
Human
Rights Groups
Global &
Regional
Trade Unions
Foundations
NGOs
Faith groups
Indigenous orgs
Farmers’
Business
assoc.
associations Women’s
Groups
Media
CBOs
(community based
organizations)
Local
Global
research
centers
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Good Governance has many entry points…
social accountability is one of these
Institutional Checks &
Balances
• Independent, effective
judiciary
• Legislative oversight (PACs,
PECs)
• Independent oversight
institutions (SAI)
• Global initiatives: UN, OECD
Convention, anti-money
laundering
Civil
Civil Society
Society &
& Media
Media
•• Freedom
Freedom of
of press
press
•• Freedom
Freedom of
of information
information
•• Civil
Civil society
society watchdogs
watchdogs
•• Public
hearings
Public hearings of
of draft
draft laws
laws
•• Report
cards,
client
surveys
Report cards, client surveys
•• Participatory
Participatory country
country
diagnostic
surveys
diagnostic surveys
Public Sector Management
• Sound public finance management
• Merit based civil service Transparent,
competitive procurement
• Anticorruption in sectors
GOOD
GOVERNANCE
Decentralization and
and Local
Local Governance
Participation
Decentralization
Decentralizationwith
with
accountability
•• Decentralization
accountability
•• Community
Development
(CDD)
CommunityDriven
Driven
Development
(CDD)
•• Oversight
associations
&
Oversightby
byparent-teacher
parent-teacher
associations
user
groups
& user groups
• Beneficiary participation in projects
• Beneficiary participation in projects
Political
Accountability
• Political competition,
broad-based political
parties
• Transparency &
regulation of party
financing
• Disclosure of
parliamentary votes
Private Sector
Interface
• Effective, streamlined
regulation
• Transparent publicprivate dialogue
• Break-up of
monopolies
• Transparency in
Extractive Industries
• Corporate governance
• Collective business
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associations
Civic Engagement in Public Budgeting
Budget
Formulation
Porto Alegre, Brazil
Performance
Monitoring
Filipino Citizen
Report Card
Civic
Engagement
Budget
Review &
Analysis
IDASA, South
Africa
Budget/Expenditure
Tracking
Uganda PETS
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WBG Support to Civil Society and
Demand-Side Approaches
 Institutional capacity building of CSOs,
government – e.g. Gambia score cards
 Direct support to programs- Malawi/Tanzania
Social Action Funds
 Financial and technical assistance – Civil
Society Budget Initiative, Municipal
Development Partnership
 Analytical and Advisory Services – e.g.
Ghana, Sierra Leone
 Support of policy and legal reforms –e.g.
Senegal decentralization
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“Governance is everybody’s business”
GAC Strategy – Implementation Plan:

WBG aims to engage with a broad array of stakeholders
(principle 5, GAC)

Engage governments, donors, other actors at country and
global levels to ensure a harmonized and coordinated
approach (principle 7)

Strengthen “demand-side” enabling frameworks and
capacity

by enhancing transparency/information disclosure (RTI),
CSO capacity, use of social audit/accountability tools

Work collaboratively with the private sector and civil
society in reform processes (business assoc, chambers,
CSOs, media)

Monitor progress via results and governance indicators
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(including new generation of indicators under development)
Improving Conditions in Sierra Leone
Findings
Recommendations
Budget information
difficult to access
publish budget information in simplified
Lack of mechanisms
citizen-state dialogue.
compliance with provisions of Local
Independent media,
and community radio
constrained
Repeal criminal libel laws;
legislation for community radio
language and format
Government Act 462 on public consultation.
improve
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Improving Conditions in Ghana
Findings
Recommendations
lack of awareness of
citizen rights constrains
voice/agency
 civic education programs
parliament not
adequately empowered
to engage constituents,
and hold government
working group to review legal framework
for parliamentary capacities, functions
accountable.

lack of downward
accountability of public
officials
Use evidence to show efficacy of social
accountability; train public officials
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Challenges





Political commitment to promote
citizen demand for good governance
Building stakeholder capacities for
social accountability
Opportunity costs of civic engagement
Appropriate instruments to support
demand side engagement
Quality versus coverage – basic services
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THANK YOU!
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