Transcript Imam Shafe’i (slides) - Pleasant View School

‫نبذة عن حياة األئمة األربعة‬
‫‪Lives of The Great Four Imams‬‬
‫‪Al-Shafe’i‬‬
‫محمد بن ادريس الشافعي‬
‫‪150-204 H‬‬
Ahmad 164-241 H
Shafe’i 150-204 H
Malik 93-179 H
Abu Hanifah 80-150 H
70
90
110
130
150
170
190
210
230
250
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)
Abdu-Manaf
‫عبد مناف‬
Nawfal
‫نوفل‬
Abdu-Shams
‫عبد شمس‬
Hashem
‫هاشم‬
Umayyah
‫أمية‬
Abdul-Mutalib
Al-Mutalib
‫المطلب‬
‫عبد المطلب‬
Abudullah
‫عبد هللا‬
Al-Abaas
‫العباس‬
Muhammad PBUH
)‫محمد (صلى هللا عليه و سلم‬
Al-Shafe’i
‫الشافعي‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Birth in Gaza

His Youth in Mecca

His life with the Arabs of Huthayl ‫هذيل‬

His study in Mecca
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

From Mecca to Medina

With Imam Malik

The Governor of Najran

Political Trouble
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

Studying in Baghdad (two years 184-186 H)

Back to Mecca (nine years 186-195 H)

To Baghdad again (195 H)

To Egypt (199-204 H)
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
To Yemen
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
Huthayl
To Yemen
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
To Yemen
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
To Yemen
Baghdad
184-186 H
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
To Yemen
Baghdad
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
186-195 H
To Yemen
195-199 H
Baghdad
Iraq
Gaza
Misr
To Yemen
Baghdad
Iraq
Gaza
199-204 H
Misr
To Yemen
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Personal Attributes

His Teachers and Mentors

His Life Experiences

His Time
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Personal Attributes

His Intelligence and Depth

Eloquence

Sincerity
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Teachers and Mentors

Mecca:


Madina:


Imam Malik ‫مالك بن أنس‬
Iraq:


Sufian bin Uyaynah ‫سفيان بن عيينة‬
Muhammad bin Al-Hasan ‫محمد بن الحسن‬
Yemen:
Omar bin Abi-Salamh ‫عمر بن أبي سلمة‬
 Yahya bin Hassan ‫يحيى بن حسان‬

Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Teachers and Mentors

Mecca:


Madina:


Imam Malik
)‫مالك بن أنس (صاحب مذهب‬
Iraq:


Sufian bin Uyaynah )‫سفيان بن عيينة (صاحب مذهب‬
Muhammad bin Al-Hasan (Hanafi) )‫محمد بن الحسن (حنفي‬
Yemen:
Omar bin Abi-Salamh (Awza’i) )‫عمر بن أبي سلمة )أوزاعي‬
 Yahya bin Hassan (Laythi)
)‫يحيى بن حسان (ليثي‬

“Hijazi” School
(Textual Evidence)
“Iraqi” School
(Opinion)
Sahaba: Zaid, Bin Omar, Bin Abbas..
Scholars of Medina of Tabi’een
Scholars: Rabi’a, Az-Zuhri, Nafe’..
Sahaba: Ibn Masu’d, Omar..
Scholars of Tabi’een
Scholars: Al-Nakha’I, Hammad’..
Abu Hanifah
Malik
Muhammad
Bin Al-Hasan
Al-Shafe’i
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Life Experiences

His Travels

Background in Arabic Language and Poetry

Strong Knowlwdge of Quran (Mecca)

Strong Knowledge in Hadith (Medina)
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Time:
Political Strength for the Abbasids
 The “Melting Pot” effect in the Islamic State
 The Emergence of Heresy and Deviation
 The Formations of Schools and Groups
 The Age of Writing and Documentation

Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Time:

The Age of Debate:
 Opinion
vs. Textual Evidence
 Fatawa of Sahaba
 “Agreement”
 Meanings of the Words
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Time:

The Age of Groups and Deviation:
 Shia
 Khawarej
 Mu’tazilah
‫‪Abdul-Mutalib‬‬
‫عبد المطلب‬
‫‪Abu Talib‬‬
‫‪Abudullah‬‬
‫عبد هللا‬
‫أبو طالب‬
‫‪Ali‬‬
‫علي‬
‫‪Muhammad‬‬
‫محمد بن الحنفية‬
‫‪Kaysani Shia‬‬
‫الشيعة الكيسانية‬
‫‪Muhammad PBUH‬‬
‫محمد‬
‫ِ‪Al-Hasan‬‬
‫الحسن‬
‫‪Al-Hussain‬‬
‫الحسين‬
‫‪Ali‬‬
‫علي زين العابدين‬
‫‪Muhammad‬‬
‫محمد الباقر‬
‫‪Zaid‬‬
‫زيد‬
‫‪Zaydi Shia‬‬
‫الشيعة الزيدية‬
‫‪Ja’far‬‬
‫جعفر الصادق‬
‫‪Musa‬‬
‫موسى الكاظم‬
‫‪Imami Shia‬‬
‫الشيعة اإلمامية‬
‫‪Ismail‬‬
‫اسماعيل‬
‫‪Ismaili Shia‬‬
‫الشيعة اإلسماعيلية‬
‫(صلى هللا عليه و سلم)‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Time:

The Age of Groups and Deviation:
 Shia
Saba’I
 Kaysani
 Zaydi
 Imami
 Ismaili

‫السبئية‬
‫الكيسانية‬
‫الزيدية‬
‫اإلمامية‬
‫اإلسماعيلية‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Time:

The Age of Groups and Deviation:
 Khawarej
Azariqa
‫األزارقة‬
 Al-Ibadhia
‫اإلباضية‬
 Others: ........... ‫النجدات الصفرية العجاردة الثعالبة‬

Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Time:

The Age of Groups and Deviation:
 Mu’tazilah
Origin: Wasel bin Ata’
 The Five Principles
 Conflicts and Tribulations

‫واصل بن عطاء‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Opinions:

In Use of Philosophy/ Mu’tazilah

In Shia
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Fiqh (Jurisprudence):

Learning Stages:
Madina Period:
 Iraqi Period:


Maliki Fiqh (~169-179 H)
Hanafi Fiqh (184-186 H
Shafe’i School Stages:
Mecca Stage
 Iraqi Stage
 Egyptian Stage

(186-195 H)
(195-199 H)
(199-204 H)
Stage
Date
Main Acivity
Major Book
Macca
186-195 H
General
Foundations and
Rules
Ar-Risalah
(according to most)
‫الرسالة‬
‫الكليات و األصول‬
Iraq
Egypt
195-199 H
199-204 H
Details and
Weighing Proofs
‫الفروع و الترجيحات‬
Al-Hujjah
(collection)
‫الحجة‬
Review and
Revision
Al-Umm
‫األم‬
‫التعديل و التمحيص‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Students

Imam Ahmad, Az-Za’farani, Al-Karabisi..
Al-Buwayti ‫البويطي‬
 Al-Muzni
‫المزني‬
 Al-Rabi’ bin Sulayman

‫الربيع بن سليمان‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Books (most known)

Ar-Risalah
‫الرسالة‬

Al-Hujjah
‫الحجة‬

Al-Umm
‫األم‬
Imam Al-Shafe’i (150-204 H)

His Fiqh

Rules and Basics of Jurisprudence

Shari’a:
Knowledge for the Common Muslims
 Knowledge for the “Special” Scholars

‫األدلة الفقهية في المذهب الشافعي‬
Sources of Shafe’i School
Quran
‫القرآن‬
Sunnah
‫السنة‬
Agreement
‫اإلجماع‬
Sahaba
‫قول الصحابي‬
Sahaba
Disagreement
‫خالف الصحابة‬
Comparison
‫القياس‬
Sources of Shafe’i School
Quran
‫القرآن‬
Sunnah
‫السنة‬



Same level when Sunnah is authentic.
Rejecting Qur’an is Kufr. Rejecting Solitarynarrated Hadith is not.
Qur’an comes first if any question in
understanding.
Sources of Shafe’i School
Quran
‫القرآن‬

General and Specific

‫العام و الخاص في القرآن‬
Sources of Shafe’i School
Sunnah
‫السنة‬

Answering three groups:
Rejecting Sunnah altogether.
 Accepting Sunnah only if supported by Qur’an.
 Rejecting Solitary-narrated Hadiths.

Sources of Shafe’i School
Agreement
‫اإلجماع‬



A main source in Shafe’i school
Proved its authenticity
Rejected “Silent” Agreement
Sources of Shafe’i School
Sahaba
Disagreement
‫خالف الصحابة‬



Sahaba
‫قول الصحابي‬
Agreement of Sahaba is a source in Shafe’i
school.
A single Sahabi’s opinion is to be followed if
no disagreement.
Disagreement of Sahaba: Weighed opinions
by Qur’an, Sunnah, and Comparison.
Sources of Shafe’i School
Comparison
‫القياس‬




Comarison is Ijtihad
“Apparent” Knowledge
Dependent on Textual Evidence
Three Types:
Branch is more obvious than the Origin
 Branch is same as the Origin
 Branch is less obvious than the Origin

Sources of Shafe’i School
Comparison
‫القياس‬


Comparison is not for all texts and narrations.
Conditions for Mujtahid of Comparison:
Mastering of Arabic Language
 Knowledge of Qur’an
 Knowledge of Sunnah
 Intelligence and Wisdom

Sources of Shafe’i School

Rejecting Preference ‫ابطال اإلستحسان‬

Definition of Preference in Shafe’i School
Why it is rejected in his school
Preference in Hanafi School
Preference in Maliki School



Spread of Shafe’i School