Transcript TEORI - Bidansmart's Blog

PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN
MANUSIA
Eko Handayani, M.Psi
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Metode dalam Penelitian
Psikologi Perkembangan
•Dua metoda dalam riset tentang perkembangan
manusia:
–Riset kuantitatif
–Riset kualitatif
•Riset kualitatif mengalami peningkatan dalam
penelitian perkembangan (Parke, 2004 dalam
Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2007)
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Pengumpulan Data
dalam Penelitian
Psikologi Perkembangan
– Self-report: diaries, interviews,
questionnaires
– Naturalistic and laboratory observation
Behavioral and performance measures
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Disain Penelitian Dasar
dalam Penelitian
Psikologi Perkembangan
– Studi kasus
– Studi etnografis
– Studi korelasional
– Eksperimen
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Disain Penelitian
dalam Penelitian
Psikologi Perkembangan
– Longitudinal studies
– Meneliti orang atau kelompok yang sama
lebih dari satu kali, kadang-kadang
selama bertahun-tahun
– Menyatakan bagaimana orang berubah
atau tetap sama sejalan dengan
pertambahan usia
– Mengukur karakteristik tunggal
– Cross-sectional studies
– Orang-orang yang berbeda usia
dinilai dalam satu waktu
– Menunjukkan kemiripan dan
perbedaan antarkelompok usia
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TOKOH DAN TEORI
PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN
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TEORI PSIKOLOGI
PERKEMBANGAN
• Psychoanalytic  Freud psychosexual theory
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
• Cognitive  Piaget’s cognitive stage theory
Information processing theory
• Contextual  Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory,
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PSIKOANALISA
Development of Personality
12 – 18 bulan
1 ½ - 3 tahun
3 – 6 tahun
6 – puber
Setelah puber
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PSIKOSOSIAL
“Humans have the potential to solve their own conflicts
and anxieties as they develop”
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PSIKOSOSIAL
Psychosocial Stages
Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts the
individual with a crisis that must be faced
I
Infancy
Trust vs Mistrust
II
Toddlerhood
Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
II
Early Childhood
Initiative vs Guilt
IV
MiddleChildhood
Industry vs Inferiority
V
Adolescence
Identitiy vs Identity Confusion
VI
Young Adulthood
Intimacy vs Isolation
VII
Middle Adulthood
Generativity vs Stagnation
VIII
Late Adulthood
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Integrity vs Despair
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Stages of Cognitive Development
11 – 15 tahun
Formal Operational
stage
7 – 11 tahun
Concrete Operational
stage
2 – 7 tahun
Preoperational stage
0 – 2 tahun
Sensorimotor stage
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CONTEXTUALIST
Main Concept
“Learning is cognitive development
through social interaction”
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Main Concept
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BEHAVIORISM
Main Concept
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Main Concept
Heinz Steals the Drug
In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer.
There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a
form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently
discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was
charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for
the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick
woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the
money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of
what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked
him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I
discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz
got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his
wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19)
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Moral Stages
PRE CONVENTIONAL
I. OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT
II. INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTALISM
& EXCHANGE
CONVENTIONAL
III. “GOOD BOY / GIRL”
IV. LAW & ORDER
POST CONVENTIONAL
V. SOCIAL CONTRACT
VI. PRINCIPLED CONSCIENCE
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