Transcript Chapter One - East Aurora School District 131
Chapter One
Prehistory – 2500 B.C.E.
► Prehistory – time before writing (5,000 yrs ago) ► Artifacts – Remains such as tools, weapons, jewelry…(man made objects) ► Culture – Anthropologists study a people life, relationships) ’ s unique way of life (customs, family
Progress During the Stone Ages
► Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) 2.5 million – 8,000 B.C.E.
Oldest stone chopping tool ► Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) 8,000 – 3,000 B.C.E.
Polished stone tools , crops, raised animals (wheat, barley, cattle, sheep, pigs)
Open your book to page 8!
► ► ► ► ► ► ► We will read the section “Progress during the Old Stone Age” together Then you will re-read the same section to yourself (looking for the “main points”) Together with a partner, you will write down the 5 words that help define the main idea (one word per post-it!) Each partner-pair will put the post-its on the white board As a class, we will se how many words match Each person will complete the “Critical Thinking” workshet We will go over the answers together
What do you think culture was like?
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Survival
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Nomads:
People who wander from place to place (as opposed to…)
Hunter-Gatherers
► Hunting what? Gathering what?
What happened? What changed?
► Archaeologists believe early humans came out of eastern Africa ► Transition to civilization occurred for 3 main reasons 1 – Fire 2 – Domestication of plants 3 – Domestication of animals (taming) ► People can now settle and grow/raise their own food – this event is called…
► Neolithic Revolution – AKA – the agricultural revolution, i.e. – farming Slash-and-burn farming ► Farming develops across the world Africa (the Nile), China (the Huang He ), Mexico and Central America, Peru (the central Andes) ► Farming leads to increase in population Civilization develops…
► What defines a civilization???
Five main characteristics of a civilization 1 – advanced cities (trade) 2 – specialized workers (farmers, artisans) 3 – complex institutions (government, religion, economy) 4 – record keeping (scribes, taxes, laws) 5 – advanced technology ► Cuneiform First writing – Began in Sumer 3,000 B.C.
► Bronze Age – began in Sumer 3,000 B.C.
People used bronze instead of stone!
► Ur One of the earliest cities – 30,000 people ► Barter Trading of goods and services without money ► Ziggurat Pyramid-shaped monument, means “ mountain of god ”