Transcript Information Vision and Architecture

Information Integration
in Construction
Construction information
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In construction, architects, engineers,
planners, contractors, facility managers ....
all work with their own pool of project
information.
The essence of integration is the ability for
different professionals to seamlessly share
project information electronically.
Integration strategies
Interoperating autonomus systems
Integrated Project Database
The construction business
1. Fragmented supply chain
2. Lack of industry standard for information
exchange
3. Poor cross-disciplinary communication (between
the sub-processes of a construction project).
4. Lack of process transparency
5. Poor use of experience gained from previous
projects (poor knowledge mgt.)
Integration in construction
Main problems: Seperation of design from
construction and poor information flow.
• In construction, information is
stored in discipline-specific
formats.
• Members of the project team
use discipline-specific tools
(software)
• It is difficult for these
applications to communicate
and pass information between
them.
ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
ENGINEERING
DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
BUILDING USE
AND MAINTENANCE
‘Islands’ of information-handling
The reason for integration
• Improving the efficiency of the building
process will require facilitating the
interactions between inter-disciplinary
teams.
• Researchers have identified the need for an
integrated construction environment, which
acts as a project repository during the stages
of the project life cycle.
Life Cycle Information
Projects have a tendency to go through similar
stages between start and end. The total of these
phases is called the project life cycle.
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Conceptual : Establish goals, general duration, ..
Definition : Schedule, budget, design, staff organisation,
Construction : Build, document, cost, ..
Start-up operation : Handover, integrate, train, ..
Tear-down : Terminate organisation, demobilize, ...
In an integrated environment teams will work on
the same dataset throughout the life cycle.
Integration research
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The research efforts have been concentrated on a
3D models of the planned construction. Project
participants can work on this model at the same
time through their own work spaces.
An integrated construction environment has been
very difficult to implement and no commercial
solutions exist.
Main themes of research: Product modelling,
integration standards and object modelling.
Integration in manufacturing
• Aviation and automobile
industries develop their
products around an integrated
product model stored in large
CAD/CAM databases.
• The model remains the
repository of information
throughout the product life
cycle.
• Boeing can virtually assemble a
777 aircraft with all parts.
Integration in manufacturing
Organisation
Engineering Process
Computers and modelling
Caterpıllar
Preliminary and detailed
design of whole vehicle
system
• 10 gigabyte CAD file
• Parametric design
• System model with flexible body dynamics and all
nonlinearities
• Distributed computing environment
• Manufacturing and assembly simulation
Ford
Whole vehicle design
• 500,000 element mesh
• Parametric and stochastic models
• CAE associative with CAD
• Sources of variability including material and
dimensional stability
• Cost and manufacturability analysis
Boeing CAD
Management of geometry and
configuration for very large
systems
• Elimination of data translation
• Product information management for configuration
control
• Process modeler for management of dependent
processes
Boeing digital Pre-Assembly
Studies show that the most pervasive problems in manufacturing airplanes are:
• Part interference (incidents of assembly parts overlapping each other)
• Difficulty in properly fitting parts together in aircraft final assembly
• By 1989, Boeing was confident that it could significantly reduce the costly
rework caused by these problems by digitally pre-assembling the airplane
on the computer. The technology offered:
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Improved accuracy in part design and assembly,
Instantaneous communication capability,
Improving the quality of airplane designs,
Reduction of the time required to introduce new airplanes into the
marketplace.
Benefits of integration
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If all project participants work around the
same model, coordination and
communication will improve.
Clients’ needs are typically captured as text
documents, supported by sketches. Clients
input in an integrated environment will
ensure better meeting client needs.
Early integrations: CAD and linked databases
Traditional storage of project
design data, often leading to ‘misfit’
Database - Project data linked to a
CAD model
Further integration
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CAD and FE systems are not integrated;
design changes must be made in the design
tool (CAD) and re-imported into the
structural analysis system or visa-versa.
CAD and VR; same – design changes not
possible from VR (which is only for
display).
Data models
• A data model describes how ‘things’ that occur in
a constructed facility (including real things such as
doors, walls and abstract concepts such as space,
process) should be represented electronically.
• These specifications represent a data structure,
supporting sharing of information across
applications.
• The specification of each type of real world
projects (doors, windows, etc.) is called a ‘class’.
Industry Foundation Classes
• The IFC is a collection of classes for the
AEC industry (Architecture, Engineering
and Construction).
• IFCs will enable interoperability among
AEC/FM (Facility Management) software
applications.
• All IFC compliant software will be able to
share project data.
Information exchange standards
• IFC (Industry foundation classes) Standard
elements for interoperability in the AEC/FM
industry.
• STEP / EXPRESS : A standard for exchange
of CAD model data.
• ifcXML, bcXML, aecXML : Data structures
defined in XML.
http://www.iai-international.org/iai_international/
IFC – STEP – XML
IAI Conceptual model
EXPRESS
IFC Model
XML
ifcXML
IAI Conceptual
Model:
(Product model &
Process Model)
: Standard XML Elements for AEC interoperability
The Future
Sinking waters....
Challenge: To build bridges between islands
(Matti Hannus)