The American Colonies

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Native American Culture

Way of life varied based on location: Farmers, Nomadic, etc.: Not all Native Americans are the same Organized by kinship groups: Clans and tribes Followed religious rituals and believed in earthly spirits and forces: Believed in multiple spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain, etc.

Oral History and tradition  

Used barter system across regions BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT BE OWNED- It was everybody’s

Christopher Columbus

 Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to have three ships.

 The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.  He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492. Picture Credit: 

His exploration ushered in the AGE OF EXPLORATION

http://www.mariner.org/age/columbus.html

Christopher Columbus

  Also named San Salvador meaning “Holy Savior.” He saw people and named them “Indians” because he thought that he was in the West Indies.

Columbian Exchange

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As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New World, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of the world.

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Cultural Diffusion- Spread of Culture throughout the world

Columbian Exchange

Americas to Europe Europe to Americas Potatoes & Tomatoes Maize, (Corn) Tobacco Chocolate Sugar, Tea, Coffee Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever )

•Asian cockroaches,

Japanese beetle

Countries

- France a.) Active in fur trade b.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian Mountains

Spain

a.) Active in Florida and American Southwest

b.) Established St. Augustine- FIRST permanent settlement in what will become the U.S.

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England

a.) Slow to become involved – worried of expense b.) Will come to dominate East coast of North America

WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!

Types of Colonies: JOINT STOCK Companies (Charter Colony)

 Joint-Stock Companies  Owned by a corporation and stock holders   Economic ventures Elected own officials  Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Company

Types of Colonies:

Proprietary

 Owned by a person or family after land is given from king or queen  Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fit

Types of Colonies: ROYAL COLONY

 Under direct control of the King and he appoints the Royal Governor who appoints other officials  By the time of the Revolutionary War- all colonies were considered Royal Controlled by the King

England Starts Badly

 The English Colonies were established for a variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and WEALTH  Roanoke a.) Multiple attempts to establish colony in North Carolina (Virginia) b.) Close to 100 colonists disappeared c.) “Croatoan”

Jamestown

      First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America- 1607 Named in honor of King James Located in Virginia Famous Leader John Smith Aided by local Natives including Pocahontas

Colony saved by Tobacco and John Rolfe

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Jamestown

Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was the policies of the Native Americans that allowed them to establish a settlement- a decision they no doubt regretted later

First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America 1607 “Virginia Company of London”: Intended for short term gain and then to be abandoned Named in honor of King James Located in Virginia The

CHARTER was important because it clearly stated that colonist would have the same rights as English citizens

Jamestown

 Early Years- Were a nightmare  40 would be colonists died during the initial voyage (1606-07)  Dozens more died once on shore of disease, malnutrition, and starvation 

The colonists were more concerned with finding gold so they spent their time searching for this instead of hunting the abundant game and fishing

http://www.preservationvirginia.org/rediscovery/page.php?page_id=25 http://www.womenlargejaw.com/node/992

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_James_Town_Island,_Captain_John_Smith_Statue.jpg

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Jamestown: “The Starving Time”

Despite effective leadership by John Smith and the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still dying in droves Were reduced to eat “dogges, Catts, Ratts, and Myce.” (31) Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed for killing his wife and salting her to eat

Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60 survived the “starving time” of winter 1609-10

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John Rolfe

“Saved” Jamestown because he brought tobacco seeds

Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climate

Europeans couldn’t get enough of it and Jamestown became a profitable colony at long last

Colonists would grow it in the streets and even between graves. They even had to import their food Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which meant more labor would be needed Guess Who?

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The Pilgrims

Went from England to Holland to North America in search of religious tolerance: Took 66 days Were considered Separatists from the Puritans which wanted to purify the church Settled the Plymouth Colony in MA in 1620 Mayflower Compact: Named for their ship / Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1 st example of “consent to be governed” similar to our constitution:

FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT

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Thanksgiving

Pilgrims didn’t take the land from Natives- tribe had all died Was probably between Sept-Nov, most likely Oct.

Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many years G. Washington proclaimed 1 st Thanksgiving in 1789 national A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last Thursday in November FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to last Thursday…why?

Pilgrims

THINK!:

What impacted the development of the distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?

New England Colonies

 Connecticut  Massachusetts  New Hampshire  Rhode Island  (Maine- will break from MA)

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New England Colonies

Reasons: Religious, Establish Puritan society, and Fur Trade 

Economy

: Fishing, Ship building , whaling and Fur Trade  Important People: Roger Williams: Rhode Island and First Baptist in America Established Providence,

Religion

Thomas Hooker : Puritan who founded Connecticut

Middle Colonies

 New York (Taken from Dutch)  New Jersey (From Dutch)  Pennsylvania  Delaware

Middle Colonies

 Reasons: Expansion, Religious Tolerance, Freedom  Economy : Trade, Farming, and Lumber

William Penn

 Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic constitution, Called for fair treatment of Natives, and wanted union of colonies

Southern Colonies

 Virginia  Maryland  Georgia  The Carolinas- Later North and South

Southern Colonies

 Reasons: Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land wealth, Religious  Economy:

Tobacco

, Rice, Indigo Crops:

Labor intensive

crops- Need for slaves  Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and Virginia

Important People

 Captain John Smith Helped it prosper, “Those who don’t work, don’t eat” Led Jamestown,   John Rolfe First successful cultivation of tobacco- became main export crop Pocahontas Credited with helping to save John Smith and help colony survive. Married John Rolfe- Lived in England

What impacted the development of the distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies?

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Religion, Economy, and Climate

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SLAVERY

African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, and South America in the early 1500’s Were brought over as part of

Triangular Trade

between Africa, Europe, and the Americas     Portion of trip that brought slaves was the Middle Passage Were seen as better workers than Natives because more immune to diseases 1638- African Male cost $27 dollars (European Labor: $.70/ day) Originally used for servants for the rich- Later more manual labor and violent

Amistad

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6J AhMe1Q&feature=player_