The Impact of CAD and CAM on Manufacturing
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Transcript The Impact of CAD and CAM on Manufacturing
Option C: CAD/CAM
C3 – THE IMPACT OF CAD/CAM ON
MANUFACTURING
Numerical Control
Automated machines that require data to be inputted
manually by a trained operator
Explain how a numerically controlled
(NC) machine aids manufacturing.
An NC machine is able to reproduce manufactured
parts in large quantities
NC machines can be used reliably in situations
requiring continuous operation in areas that would
normally expose operators to hazardous conditions.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC).
Refers specifically to the
Each code is assigned to
computer control of
machines for the purpose
of manufacturing
complex parts in metals
and other materials.
Machines are controlled
by a program commonly
called a “G code”.
a particular operation or
process.
The codes control X,Y,Z
movements and feed
speeds.
Compare numerical control and
computer numerical control.
Numerical control
machines are not
connected to a computer.
An operator inputs the
data manually.
A CNC machine accepts
and operates from
computer data.
A CNC machine offers
great flexibility over that
of NC.
Products are made
accurately.
CNC machines are
economical to operate, but
initial costs are high.
Explain how a CNC machine further
aids manufacture.
Global communication
systems allow for the
CNC machining data to
be sent anywhere in the
world.
The flexibility of a CNC
machine reduces downtime between batch runs
or one-off production.
CNC machines can be
incorporated into a CIM
(computer integrated
manufacturing)
environment to control
individual requirements
and consumer needs.
Greater flexibility
Reprogrammability
Multi-machine control
Tooling
Multi-axis machining
Describe two- and three-axis
machining processes.
Two-axis CNC lathe:
workpiece motion (rotary
axis)
X,Y axes for cutting.
Three-axis machining
for milling, routing and
engraving:
Z axis for depth of cut
X and Y axes for direction
of cut.
Describe four- and five-axis
machining processes.
Four-axis machining is a
Five-axis machining is a
lathe with a milling head
attachment; X,Y,Z axes
plus an additional
rotary motion.
milling machine with
three linear axes (X,Y,Z)
with rotation about two
axes.
Milling machines and routers can be interfaced in
a CAD/CAM system.
Issues faced by the designer and manufacturer
when choosing CNC equipment.
Costs
Flexibility
Maintenance
Tooling
Training,
Speed and quality of finish.
Outline how a CNC lathe is interfaced in a
CAD/CAM system to produce a 3D model.
Consider a suitable product to be made on a lathe
and outline the advantages and disadvantages to
the operator.
Computer Integrated Manufacture (CIM).
A system of manufacturing that uses computers to
integrate the processing of production, business and
manufacturing in order to create more efficient
production lines.
Describe how CAD/CAM can be
integrated into a CIM system.
One example of a CIM system.
For example, car production.
Vehicle ordered to customer specification.
Materials and third-party parts ordered to allow JIT (just-intime) manufacture.
Assembly checked for quality throughout, allowing for
minimal wastage.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
CIM to consumers and manufacturers.
Manufacturer:
Initial set-up costs
Staff morale
Storage and reduction of
waste.
Customer
Cost-effective product
Quality
Individual needs.