Modal Verbs can, could, will, would, may, might, should...

VERBOS MODAIS INDICAM POSSIBILIDADE, HABILIDADE, CONSELHOS, OBRIGAÇÃO, NECESSIDADE, CERTEZA E DEDUÇÃO.

SEMPRE SÃO SEGUIDOS DE UM VERBO NA FORMA BASE (I)

TRADUÇÃO

CAN – COULD “PODER, SABER, CONSEGUIR” MAY – MIGHT “PODER” – POSSIBILIDADE OU PERMISSÃO SHOULD (OUGHT TO) – “DEVER” MUST – ‘DEVER” – OBRIGAÇÃO

usos

• Should = ought to (CONSELHOS) • Must = have to (OBRIGAÇÃO) • Can = be* able to (HABILIDADE) • May = be* allowed to (POSSIBLIDADE)

can- could

• Uso: possibilidade ou habilidade = (be* able to) I can drive a car. I have my license. (possibility) X I can drive. I drive every day. (ability) • I could drive a car when I was 9. (past)

Could (can, may, might) permission X requests (will, would)

- Could (may, can)

I

open the door? (permission) - Could (can)

you

open the door?* (request) *Will and would are also possible.

may - might

Usos: indicar probabilidade ou possibilidade Paul may come tomorrow (prob. maior) Paul might come tomorrow (prob. menor)

Must (have to, have got to)

Usos: obrigação, dever.

You must study hard to suceed.

I must stop smoking = I HAVE TO STOP...

Dedução

– must

be

You must

be

tired after all the classes.

Should (ought to)

• Leve obrigação, conselhos.

You should stop drinking.

It’s late. We ought to go home.

will – would

I will go back to the USA next year. (futuro) I would visit my gramma every day when I was a boy. (hábito passado = used to)

Modal Perfect (ações passadas)

Modal Perfect = Modal + have + III I could have studied yesterday.

Modal + present perfect I SHOULD HAVE BOUGHT THAT BOOK I COULD HAVE STAYED UNTILL THE END

extras

You

should have

read the contract.

X You should read the contract now (conselho) I

needn’t have to

read because I know it.

= I don’t have to read...

(ausência obrigação, “não precisa”)

• • 1. (UFRGS) The form

would have starved

• • indicates a: • A) habit long acquired. • B) condition in the future. • C) permission granted. • D) possibility in the past. • E) obligation in the present.

• • 3. (UFRGS) The form

should have reached

• indicates the same as • A) must have reached. • B) was expected to reach. • C) will have reached. • D) can have reached. • E) was going to reach.

• 10. (PUCRS) Answer the questions 1 to 6 by identifying the sentences whose modal verb indicates: • A) strong obligation B) mild obligation C) past obligation D) future possibility • 1) ( ) I may do this exercise again.

• 2) ( ) I had to do this exercise again.

• 3) ( ) I must do this exercise again.

• 4) ( ) I could do this exercise again.

• 5) ( ) I should do this exercise again.

• • 6) ( ) I have to do this exercise again.

• The correct alternative it would be: • A) d – c – a – d – b – a • B) d – d – a – c – b – a • C) a – b – c – d – d – b • D) c – a – b – c – d – d • E) b – d – d – c – a – a

• MODAIS • 1. D • 3. B • 10 .A