Physical Development: 1-3 year olds Ages
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Transcript Physical Development: 1-3 year olds Ages
Physical Development:
1-3 year olds
Ages
Toddler- one to two years old
Preschooler- three to five years old
or when they start school
Factors influencing growth
and physical development
Genes/heredity
Nutrition
Health
Life experiences
Height and Weight
Changes
From 1-3 years old, height and weight
slows by half, as compared to the first
year of life.
Children also begin to show a greater
variation in size
Body proportions
From 2-3 years old, the chest becomes
larger around than the head and the
abdomen
Arms, legs, and torso lengthen
Teeth
By age one, child has approximately 8 teeth
By age two, 16 teeth
By age three, 20 teeth
A full set of baby teeth is 20.
A child should begin going to the dentist
around 18 months to become comfortable and
to start preventative care before permanent
teeth come in.
Developmental milestones
Not all children reach these milestones at the
same age
These are averages
Variations are caused by differences in
physical size, health, diet, interests,
temperament, and play opportunities
Can help caregivers choose activities that are
developmentally appropriate for child’s age
motor skills
Gross motor skills
12-18 months:
walking
18-24 months:
jumps in place
2-2 ½ years:
pushes self on wheeled
toys
2 ½ - 3 years:
alternates feet going up
stairs
Fine motor skills
12-18 months:
picks up small objects
with thumb and pointer
finger
18-24 months:
grasps crayon with fist
2-2 ½ years:
turns one page of a book
2 ½ - 3 years:
screws lids on and off
containers
dexterity
The skillful use of hands and fingers
Turning on a faucet requires greater
dexterity than walking steadily
Sensory integration
Combines information from the various
senses to make a single, whole picture of
what’s happening
Sensory dysfunction is when one cannot
process all the information the senses
take in; may react more strongly to
different types of stimulation, like light or
noise, and less strongly to taste or touch.
Sleep patterns
Age one- two naps, morning and
afternoon
combining for several hours
As children get older, daytime naps
become shorter
By age two, children typically give up
morning nap and sleep longer at night
Night terrors vs.
nightmares
Night terrors occur early in the child’s
sleep cycle
Night terrors aren’t likely to be
remembered
Nightmares are frightening dreams that
seem real
Nightmares are more serious and may
signal anxiety in child’s life
Self feeding
Age 1- eat finger foods, use a spoon,
drink from a cup
Age 2- use a fork, but eat slowly
Age 3- can use spoon and fork skillfully
and can chew tough foods cut into small
pieces
Serving sizes
Young children need smaller servings
and need to eat more frequently
Their stomachs are smaller
Food should be offered every 3-4 hours
Meal appeal
Variety is the key! Provide differences in:
Color
Texture
Shape
Temperature
Provide an ease of eating- cut up foods
Good eating habits
Be a role model
Try new foods
Let child help in kitchen
Encourage child to eat only when hungry
and eat slowly
Don’t use food as reward or punishment
Encourage drinking water instead of
sugary drinks
hygiene
Bathing themselves
Hand washing
Brushing teeth
Using the toliet
Using a tissue
Still need adult supervision and help
Toliet teaching
Physical and emotional signs of readiness:
Can control bladder and bowel functions
Recognizes signals that elimination is
necessary
Can remove clothes easily
Shows an interest in wanting to be grown up
and use the toliet
Can physically control sphincter muscles at 18
months
Dressing
Starts helping on own at age 13-14
months
By age two, can do pants but shirts are
difficult
By age three, children can dress
independently
Learns independence, responsibility, self
esteem
Choosing clothes
Comfort
Fabric
Durability
economy
fibers of clothes
Synthetic Fibers
Advantages:
Durable
Wrinkle resistant
Quick drying
Disadvantages:
Doesn’t absorb
moisture well
Holds heat and
perspiration against
body
Flame resistant
fabric can catch
on fire but will
not burn as
quickly as other
fabrics
Only sleepwear
is required to be
flame resistant
checkups
Ages 12, 15, 18, 24 months and 3 years
Vaccines introduce small amount of
disease carrying germs to body
Vaccines cause immune system to set up
defenses against future exposure to that
disease
Safety hazards and
protection
Choking
Unsafe toys
Poisoning
Burns
Traffic accidents
Sunburns
pets