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Transcript File Physical Development 4
Chapter 14
Physical Growth and
Development from 4-6
14.1 Physical Growth and Development
from 4-6
14.2 Providing Care for Children from 4-6
Height and Weight
Slightly slower compared to ages 1-3
Average yearly increase in height is 2 ½
to 3 inches
Gain about 4-5 pounds
Smaller or larger gains are common
Boys tend to be slightly taller and heavier
than girls
Average heights and
weights
Years
Height (inches) Weight
(pounds)
4
40.7
36.0
5
43.5
40.5
6
46.0
45.0
Teamwork Activity
Divide into 4 groups
Measure the height
of each person and
calculate the group’s
average height and
range
How do the averages
and ranges
compare?
Group Avg Ht Ht
Range
1
2
3
4
Proportion and Posture
Body becomes straighter and slimmer between
4th and 7th birthday
Abdomen flattens
Shoulders widen
Chest broadens and flattens
Neck becomes longer
Legs lengthen rapidly, grow straighter and
firmer
Balance and coordination improve
Think about it
How might caregivers treat a child who is
much taller or shorter than average?
How could this affect the child?
What can caregivers do to prevent this
problem?
Teeth
Begin to lose primary teeth around age 6
32 permanent teeth replace primary teeth
First permanent teeth to arrive are “6 year old
molars” or “first molars”
2 upper, 2 lower, back of the 20 primary teeth
Act as a lock to keep other teeth in place
Primary teeth are lost in the order they came in
Teeth
http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/body/teeth_
noSW.html
Thumb Sucking
4-6 will continue to suck their thumb
Way to handle tension or comfort
themselves
Forcing a child to quit can cause more
problems than the habit itself
Usually stop on their own
Motor Skills
Large and small improve significantly
Love physical activity, very energetic
Learn to throw and catch large and small
balls at age 4
Improved speed and coordination by age
5
Movements are smoothly coordinated by
age 6
Continued
4 and 5 year olds show improved dexterity,
improved hand-eye coordination
Children need plenty of opportunities for skill
development
Time and space to run, jump, climb for large motor
skills
Color, paint, cutting, and writing for small motor
skills
Children with well developed small motor skills
find learning to read to and write easier
How Motor Skills Develop
Age
Small Motor
Skills
*Large Motor
Skills
4
*lace shoes
*dress and undress self
*cuts on line with scissors
*gallops and hops
*jumps forward as well as
in place
*throws overhand with
body control
5
*ties shoelaces
*draws recognizable person
*skillfully picks up very small items
*buttons, snaps and zips clothing
*Stands and balances on
tiptoes for short period and
skips, alternating feet
6
*Build block towers to
shoulder height
*Cuts, pastes, molds, and
colors skillfully
*Writes entire words
*Throws and catches ball
with more ease and
accuracy
*Rides a bicycle
Tie It Up
How would you teach a 5 year old to tie
shoelaces?
Make a simple chart and give a visual
demonstration of the steps you would
use. Make sure your verbal explanation
can be understood by a child during the
demonstration. Write your verbal
explanation with your chart and turn in.
You may work with one partner.
Hand Preference
What inconveniences might a left-handed
person face in a right-handed world?
Hand Preference
Consistently use the same hand by age 5
Becomes the most skillful
Ambidextrous- use both hands with equal
skill
Research still unclear on how hand
preference develops
What do you think?
Hand Preference
Write the following sentence on a sheet of
paper:
Mrs. Yarbrough is the best teacher I have ever had.
Now write the same sentence with the opposite
hand!
What was the experience like? How did it
make you feel? What correlations can you
make between writing with your opposite hand
and a child learning to write?
14.2 Providing Care
for Children from 4-6
Feeding
Nutritious foods supply energy needed
for growth, learning, and activity
The amount of food needed depends on
height, weight, and physical activity
Eating 5-6 small meals and snacks a day
rather than 3 can do better for children
because they provide a constant level of
energy and their stomachs are small
Poor Nutrition
Poor nutrition- not getting the key
nutrients needed through food
Causes of poor nutrition
Lack of money
Caregiver do not understand the need for
good nutrition
Setting an example with poor eating habits
Allowed to choose their own food
What are some places that
sell prepared food that
children can eat?
What makes them popular?
What types of food are available?
Do they provide good nutrition, how can it
be improved?
Negative Effects of Poor
Nutrition
Less resistance to colds and illness
Growth can be limited
Learning can be difficult because they
are tired and easily distracted
Weight Problems
Can look chunky or slim and still be
healthy
Doctor or dietitian can determine if there
is a weight problem
Can decide what eating and activity changes
need to be made
What works for adults may not be
appropriate for children
Continued
When a child consistently consumes more
calories than the body uses, the extra calories
are stored as fat
A child who is underweight is not eating
enough food to supply energy needs
Overweight and underweight result from long
term eating habits
Depends not only on quantity, but quality as
well
Eating healthy and physical activity go together
Promoting Health
Create a poster that promotes and shows
some type of physical activity that
children ages 4-6 would participate in.
Imagine that the poster will hang up
inside a gym, PE classroom, childcare
center, or after school program.
The design should be eye catching,
colorful, and appeal to ages 4-6.
Teaching Children About
Nutrition
Nutrition lessons learned between 4-6
will stay with children through life
Children make nutrition decisions on their
own when they attend school
Nutrition at Home
Help grocery shop and put away
groceries
Help care for a garden
Wash fruits and vegetables
Help with simple cooking tasks
Makes them feel proud of their contributions
Positive time working with caregiver
Improve small motor skills
Nutrition at School
Eat lunch from home or one from school
What they are given to eat and what they
actually eat can be different
Traded or thrown away
How to Help Pack a Lunch
Let them choose their own lunch box
Send different foods each day
Make foods easy to eat
Finger foods are convenient
Sandwiches can get boring
Sweets don’t have to be “sugary” foods
Surprise such as a note or special treat
Design a Healthy Lunch
Create a lunch that you would pack for
your 5-6 year old child.
The lunch should demonstrate balanced
nutrition, be colorful, have a variety of
shapes and textures, and be easy to eat.
Decorate your lunch bag to make it
appealing to the child. What else can
you add to make it special?
Teaching Self-Care Skills
Keeping clean, dressing themselves, and
caring for clothes increasingly improves
Washing and Bathing
Bathing has lost its “fun” by this age
Set up and maintain a hygiene routine
Behavior will become more accepted
Need praise to continue with tasks
Find ways to make it fun
Brushing Teeth
Should develop into a routine
Instruct how to effectively brush and floss teeth
Tooth decay is a concern because permanent
teeth are coming in
Dentist might recommend sealants- thin plastic
coatings that prevent plaque from developing
Use a toothpaste with fluoride- strengthens the
outer coating of the teeth
Basic Rules of Cleanliness
Dressing and Choosing
Clothes
Can easily dress themselves
Have difficulty in matching clothes
Can help select coordinating outfits and
store them together
Comfort, durability, and economy are
guidelines for choosing clothes
Continued
Two other factors in selecting clothes:
Definite likes and dislikes
Can become attached to a favorite garment
Group identification- a feeling of belonging
Desire to wear clothes that are popular with
others
Caring for Clothes
Once they begin to care about what they wear,
they will want to care for their clothes
They can fold and hang up clothes
Put dirty items in a certain place
Make sure storage is within reach to put
clothes away
Helps increase independence and
responsibility
Sleeping
Afternoon naps no longer exist
Generally more cooperative about going
to bed
Usually do not use a lot of delaying
tactics
Might still want a bedtime story
Helps develop an interest in reading
Toileting
Few accidents
If accidents do occur, the child is usually
concentrating fully on an activity
Might be in a new place and scared to
ask where the bathroom is
Sickness can lead to accidents
Persistent problems should be checked
by a doctor
Steps to Minimize
Accidents
Have the child go to the bathroom before
leaving home
Help the child find the bathroom at a new
place
Keep an extra outfit available in case an
accident does happen
Nightly Self-Care Routine
Develop a plan for your child’s nightly
routine
It can include self-care skills and some
skills that require parental help
Make it attractive so that you would hang
it in your child’s room