Circling the Mediterranean: Europe and the Islamic World (Volume B)

History and Nation

Roman Rule of Judea

“Christianity”

Constantinople

Islam • “obedience” • Prophet Muhammad • Ca. 632 C.E.

• monotheism • Shi’a, Sunni Islam

Spread of Islam

Islam: Articles of Faith Sunni Muslims • God’s oneness • angels • four books • messengers (prophets) • days of judgment and resurrection • destiny Shi’a Muslims • God’s oneness • justice • prophethood • day of judgment • caliphate (leadership)

Abbasid Empire

Mongol Invasion • Baghdad, 1258 • Ottomans, 1453 • Arabic language • al-Andalus • • Persian influence

Shahnameh

Ferdowsi ,

Ottoman Empire, 1300 C.E

. • cultural elite = new converts from Christianity • linguistically and religiously diverse • languages: Turkish, Arabic, Persian • nomadic origins resigned to character tales • slave-based political and military elite • feudal army • religious tolerance did not mean equality

Mi’raj

The Thousand and One Nights

Mappamundi

Crusades • First Crusade, 1095 • Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem • economic opportunities • • anti-Semitism

Song of Roland

Literary Developments • epic • romance •

Beowulf

• Ferdowsi,

Shahnameh

• Chrétien de Troyes • Marie de France • French and Italian as literary languages

Petrarch

Frame Narrative

Travel Literature • accuracy, truth value • descriptive elements • writer’s impressions, personal values • versus travel guides “They would have wild elephants and lots of unicorns that are no smaller than elephants: they have hair like buffalo and feet like elephants, with a very thick, black horn in the middle of the forehead. And I tell you it doesn’t do harm with its horn but with its tongue” (p. 815).

• merchant guide • prison writing • French-Italian vernacular • Silk Road • Kublai Khan Marco Polo

John Mandeville • synthesist work • Classical influence • Sumatra • nudity, marriage, property

Europe, North Africa, Arabia, Asia Minor & Western Central Asia

Europe

Test Your Knowledge In 382 Saint Jerome was commissioned to produce: a. a common prayer book b. a Latin Bible c. a translation of Plato’s work d. a synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine

Test Your Knowledge Which of the following were recognized as capital cities in the Roman Empire under Constantine?

a. Rome and Constantinople b. Cairo and Damascus c. Persia and Europe d. Athens and Constantinople

Test Your Knowledge What text is central to the Islamic faith?

a. the Qur’an b. Muhammad c. Allah d. the Latin Vulgate

Test Your Knowledge Which of the following is NOT a frame narrative?

a.

The Thousand and One Nights

b.

Decameron

c.

Mi’raj-nameh

d.

Canterbury Tales

Test Your Knowledge Which of the following was pivotal in helping to solidify the idea of “the West”—i.e., of Christian Europe —during the Middle Ages?

a. the fall of the Ottoman Empire b. the discovery of America c. the Crusades d. the sack of Rome

This concludes the Lecture PowerPoint presentation for The Norton Anthology Of World Literature Visit the StudySpace at: http://wwnorton.com/studyspace For more learning resources, please visit the StudySpace site for

The Norton Anthology Of World Literature.