Transcript Italian Unification
Let’s Review Nationalism>>>
Nationalism = feeling of belonging and loyalty to a nation.
Nationalism was a powerful force that could:
Create a nation from separate countries
Break a country up into many nations.
Let’s Review Nationalism>>>
Nationalism can be a cause of war (ex. WWI and WWII)
Nationalism can take many different forms.
The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870
Barriers to Italian Nationalism
After Congress of Vienna, Italy was made up of 9 different states:
Piedmont-Sardinia (the largest)
Venetia and Lombardy
The Papal States
Other states ruled by foreign monarchs
Barriers to Italian Nationalism
Geography - mountains split Italy E/W; the Po river split N/S
Barriers to Italian Nationalism
Illiteracy
The Pope
Lack of consensus (agreement) in Italy
Lack of European support
Factors That Led to Italian Unification
Geography • Italy is isolated • Alps to the North • Surrounded by oceans.
• Isolation lets Italy develop its own culture.
Factors That Led to Italian Unification
History • Italians are proud of their heritage • Napoleon’s conquest of Italian states Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour
Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Italian Unification”
A member of the Carbonari.
Formed Young
Italy
Tried revolution but failed .
Count Camillo di Cavour, “Architect of Italian Unification”
“Architect” (planner) of Piedmont-Sardinia’s revolt against Austria.
Encouraged other Italian states to revolt.
Giuseppe Garibaldi, “The Sword of Italian Unification”
Invaded Sicily, urged them to join Piedmont-Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel.
“Red Shirts”
Gave all conquered lands to Victor Emmanuel.
How Italy was United
1861: Victor Emmanuel II crowned King of Italy
1866: Austro-Prussian War Venetia added
1870-71: Franco-Prussian War Rome added
Problems Faced by a United Italy
North v. South
Italy v. Roman Catholic Church
Unhappy with Gov’t Structure
No universal suffrage
Italy lacked industrial development, agriculture, and natural resources.
Flash Forward….to WWII and Fascism
How Did Nationalism:
Unite people into nation-states?
Topple empires composed of many ethnic minorities?
Contribute to the outbreak of wars in the 1800s?
Balkans: Region in SE Europe. Had Croats, Albanians, Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians. The “Powder Keg” of Europe Austria: Central Europe Empire . Ruled by Hapsburgs. Torn apart by Nationalism.
Prussia: Became Germany we know today. Bismarck was prime minister. Franco-Prussian War: War between France and Prussia. Prussia (Germany) won. Helped unify Germany.