Let’s Review Nationalism>>>

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Nationalism = feeling of belonging and loyalty to a nation.

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Nationalism was a powerful force that could:

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Create a nation from separate countries

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Break a country up into many nations.

Let’s Review Nationalism>>>

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Nationalism can be a cause of war (ex. WWI and WWII)

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Nationalism can take many different forms.

The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870

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Barriers to Italian Nationalism

After Congress of Vienna, Italy was made up of 9 different states:

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Piedmont-Sardinia (the largest)

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Venetia and Lombardy

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The Papal States

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Other states ruled by foreign monarchs

Barriers to Italian Nationalism

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Geography - mountains split Italy E/W; the Po river split N/S

Barriers to Italian Nationalism

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Illiteracy

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The Pope

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Lack of consensus (agreement) in Italy

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Lack of European support

Factors That Led to Italian Unification

 Geography • Italy is isolated • Alps to the North • Surrounded by oceans.

• Isolation lets Italy develop its own culture.

Factors That Led to Italian Unification

 History • Italians are proud of their heritage • Napoleon’s conquest of Italian states  Efforts of 3 Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour

Giuseppe Mazzini-“Prophet of Italian Unification”

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A member of the Carbonari.

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Formed Young

Italy

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Tried revolution but failed .

Count Camillo di Cavour, “Architect of Italian Unification”

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“Architect” (planner) of Piedmont-Sardinia’s revolt against Austria.

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Encouraged other Italian states to revolt.

Giuseppe Garibaldi, “The Sword of Italian Unification”

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Invaded Sicily, urged them to join Piedmont-Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel.

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“Red Shirts”

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Gave all conquered lands to Victor Emmanuel.

How Italy was United

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1861: Victor Emmanuel II crowned King of Italy

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1866: Austro-Prussian War Venetia added

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1870-71: Franco-Prussian War Rome added

Problems Faced by a United Italy

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North v. South

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Italy v. Roman Catholic Church

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Unhappy with Gov’t Structure

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No universal suffrage

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Italy lacked industrial development, agriculture, and natural resources.

Flash Forward….to WWII and Fascism

How Did Nationalism:

 Unite people into nation-states?

 Topple empires composed of many ethnic minorities?

 Contribute to the outbreak of wars in the 1800s?

 Balkans: Region in SE Europe. Had Croats, Albanians, Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians. The “Powder Keg” of Europe  Austria: Central Europe Empire . Ruled by Hapsburgs. Torn apart by Nationalism.

 Prussia: Became Germany we know today. Bismarck was prime minister.  Franco-Prussian War: War between France and Prussia. Prussia (Germany) won. Helped unify Germany.