Transcript Automotive Engine Laboratory

TriboBr-2010
24-26 November, 2010
Recent
Engine Tribological Investigations
at Tokyo City University
Akemi Ito
Associate Professor
Automotive Engine Laboratory
Photograph of Musashi Institute
of Technology in 1931
Musashi Institute of Technology
Established in 1929
Renamed as
Tokyo City University
last year
Engineering
Knowledge Engineering
Environmental and Information Studies
Urban Life Studies
Human Life Sciences
Recent view of Tokyo City University
Biomedical Engineering
Operation room
Atomic Energy Research Laboratory
Hydrogen fueled engine automobile “Musashi 8”
History of Engine Research
in Musashi Institute of Technology
and Tokyo City University
1951
Engine Research Laboratory
Prof. Furuhama
- Engine tribology
1970
- Hydrogen fueled engine
- Combustion of engines
- Thin film sensors
2009.4
Automotive Engine
Laboratory
- Engine tribology
- H2 engine for practical use
1992
Hydrogen Energy
Research Center
- Advanced H2 engine
- Fuel cell
- Liquid H2 pump & tank
Research
Concerning environmentally friendly engines
Piston Friction
Wrist-pin Lubrication
Oil Consumption
Hydrogen Engine
Research staff
of the Automotive Engine Laboratory
Dr. Akemi Ito, Associate professor
Dr. Hidekazu Suzuki
Dr. Dalwoo Kim
Budget
(2010)
Hideyuki Iwasaki
Shuma Aoki
7 graduate students
2 undergraduate students
1 technician
Government
Private
Sector
12 private companies
Requirements
for the reduction of CO2 emissions
Resimential
13.0%
Processing
4.2%
Others
2.7%
Energy
6.1%
Factories
36.1%
Office
18.0%
Transportation
19.9%
CO2 emissions in Japan
A reduction in CO2 emission
from engines is required
Reduction in CO2 emissions
from engines
Using alternative fuels
(Biofuels)
Improvement
In the thermal efficiency
of engines
Reduction
of friction losses
in engines
Poor bio-resources
in Japan
Main approach for
reduction in CO2 emissions
from engines in Japan
Reduction of friction losses
in engines
100
※エンジン回転数一定
Gasoline engine
供給エネルギー　[%]
energy [%]
Supply
80
Incomplete
未燃焼
combustion
for in-town use
60
Exhaust
loss
排気損失
40
Cooling
loss
冷却損失
Friction
摩擦損失
loss
20
出力
Output
0
0
20
40
60
80
スロットル　[%]
Engine
load [%]
100
Motored
FMEP [kPa]
Pressure [kPa]
Effective
Friction Mean
Reduction of friction losses
in engines
150
Friction
loss
全摩擦損失
Water pump, ,
ウｵータポンプ
オルタネータ
Alternator
オイルポンプ
Oil
pump
100
Valve train
バルブトレイン
ピストン,
Piston,
ピストンリング,
Piston-ring,
コンロッド
Connecting-rod
(Without
valves)
50
Main bearing
クランクシャフト軸受
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Engine speed [rev/min]
[rpm]
エンジン回転数
5000
Recent activities
in engine tribology at TCU
(1) Friction reduction of pistons
By Dr. Suzuki
Principle of measurement
of piston friction force
Head
Cylinder
block
Piston
Floating
liner
Load
sensor
Measurement apparatus
for piston friction forces
浮動ライナ部
Floating liner
Piezo-type
load sensors
ピエゾロードワッシャ
Lateral stopper
ライナ支持環状薄板
２重ライナ構造
Floating liner
Combustion
gas
燃焼圧
sealing
parts
シール部
Oil film observation method
Glass liner
Coating to
reduce reflection
Comparison of measured / calculated
piston friction
25
Piston C
Piston B
Piston A, Piston B
Piston A
20
15
Piston B
10
Calculated (Ring+Piston A1)
Measured (Ring+Piston A1)
Calculated (Ring+Piston B1)
Measured (Ring+Piston B1)
5
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Engine Speed　rpm
2500
Piston Friction FMEP kPa
Piston Friction FMEP kPa
Piston A
25
Piston C
20
15
10
Calculated (Ring+Piston C1)
5
Measured (Ring+Piston C1)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Engine Speed　rpm
2500
50
4
0
2
-50
0
0
100
180
360
540
Crank Angle deg.
-2
720
FMEP：13.43kPa(計算値),13.7kPa(実験値)
6
Piston B1
50
4
0
2
-50
0
-100
0
180
360
540
Crank Angle deg.
-2
720
Calculated
Measured
FMEP：17.23kPa(計算値),21.2kPa(実験値)
100
Piston C1
6
50
4
0
2
-50
0
-100
0
180
360
540
Crank Angle deg.
-2
720
Cylinder Pressure MPa
Piston A1
-100
Friction Force N
6
Friction Force N
Friction Force N
100
Cylinder Pressure MPa
FMEP：18.64kPa(計算値),19.5kPa(実験値)
Cylinder Pressure MPa
Measured/calculated friction forces
Observed oil film on piston skirts
Piston C
Piston A
Piston B
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 μm
Oil film thickness
1200 rpm, 380 kPa (IMEP)
Pmax=2.2 MPa, 0～720 deg.
Recent activities
in engine tribology at TCU
(2) Friction reduction of piston-rings
Effect
of piston-ring
tension on friction
Ring set
HHH
MMM
LLL
Top ring
tension
9.8
H
8.3
M
6.3
L
[N]
2nd ring
Oil ring
Total
tension
tension
tension
9.9
H 31.0
H
50.7
7.9
M 19.1
M
35.3
5.7
L
7.8
L
19.8
*H: High, M: Middle, L: Low
Friction loss
and
engine oil
consumption
Recent activities
in engine tribology at TCU
(3) Reduction of engine oil consumption
Engine oil consumption
Increase in
particulate matter
Piston ring sliding
surface
Back of piston ring
Piston ring gap
Clogging of diesel
particulate filter
Customers’
operating costs
Measurement apparatus
for cylinder bore deformation
Sulfur caused oil consumption
Method of
measurement
of oil consumption
Exhaust gas
Oil
Engine
Typical measurement results
of cylinder bore deformation
Block type 1
Block type 2
Cylinder #3 Type1 vs Type2
6
LOC [g/h]
4
3
2
1
0
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Engine Speed [rpm]
Cylinder #4 Type1 vs Type2
6
5
LOC [g/h]
Oil consumption
of
Block Types 1 and 2
5
Type1
Type2
Type1
Type2
4
3
2
1
0
2000
2500
3000
3500
Engine Speed [rpm]
4000
Conclusions
For environmentally friendly engine
Improvement
of thermal efficiency
of engines
Increase in cylinder pressure
Increase in
severity of sliding surface
Using
alternative fuels
Reducing
friction losses
Negative effect
on lubricants and
Sliding surface
Tribological investigation of engines occupies an important role
in the research of environmentally friendly engines