Transcript Human Information Behavior (HIB)

Human Information Behavior (HIB)
• What is information behavior?
• What is “information”?
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Human Information Behavior (HIB)
“the totality of human behavior in relation to
sources and channels of information, including
both active and passive information seeking,
and information use”
(Wilson, 2000)
“how people need, seek, give, and use
information in different contexts”
(Pettigrew et al, 2001)
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What is your model of “information
retrieval”?
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The classic information retrieval model
Document
Document
representation
Query
Information
Need
Match
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Information-seeking activity from Hancock-Beaulieu (1989)
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Paradigm shift in studying
information needs & uses
• System-oriented
– Examines use of information systems and
information services; barriers to the use;
satisfaction reports.
– Tries to explain differences: demographic,
sociological, life style, task description, etc
• User-centered
– “information” as something constructed by people
– Understanding information use in particular
situations
– Asks “how questions”
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Information needs & uses
- two central concepts
• Information?
– Any message, document or information resource
– Any publicly available symbolic material
– Any data
• Information need: a state of needing “information”
• Information as
– Capable of transforming image structures
– Alters the cognitive structure of a receiver
• Information needs as
– When a person recognizes something wrong in state of
knowledge and wishes to resolve the anomaly (Belkin, 1978)
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An information behavior model
as a way of thinking of the field
Context
?
Choice of
channel?
adopted from Wilson 1999: Models in Information Behaviour Research,
Journal of Documentation, 55(3)
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Information needs and seeking
(adopted from Wilson 1999:
Models in Information
Behaviour Research, Journal of
Documentation, 55(3))
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Krikelas’s Information-Seeking Behavior Model
Adapted from Krikelas, James
(1983) Information seeking
behavior: Patterns and
concepts.
Drexel Library Quarterly, 19, 5-20.
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Sense-Making theory by Dervin
Facing a gappy situation. From
“Sense-Making Methodology:
Communicating Communicatively
With Campaign Audiences” by B.
Dervin & M. Frenette, 2003.
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Bates’ berry-picking model
• Real-life queries change and evolve during the
course of searching
At each stage, with each different conception of
the query, the user may identify useful
information and references. In other words, the
query is satisfied not by a single final retrieved
set, but a serious of selections of individual
references and bits of information at each stage
of the ever-modifying search. (1989, p. 410)
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Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process
• ISP stages:
– Initiation
– Selection
– Exploration
– Formulation
– Collection
– Presentation
• Each stage represents the primary task at each point; Thoughts,
feelings, and actions commonly experienced were identified in
each stage of the process
• Uncertainty principle: uncertainty is a cognitive state
that commonly causes affective symptoms of anxiety
and lack of confidence
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“Browsing is a collaborative process”
• Collaboration is an important aspect of
searching online IR systems
• Requires explicit computerized support
• Collaborative work in digital library
• ARIADNE system
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