Transcript Enhance livelihood in Pastoral setting

Enhance Livelihoods in
Pastoral Areas
South Sudan
Pastoral systems are economically viable but fragile as they manage a
fragile environment
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Based on risk management
Spatial management which needs to maintain mobility as best
way to utilize resources
Accumulation of capital only in livestock assets (increase the risk and
diminish it at the same time)
Need to maintain a minimum herd size to face future risk and face social obligations
Strategic sale to get cash in return to purchase food, services, items, social obligations
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Compromise between the need of cash and the need of keeping the animal as it
represent a productive/reproductive capital to recover after the crisis, contribute to
stock building, expresses social status
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The basic economic logic is that poorer pastoral households need to build
herds before more commercially-orientated market engagement becomes
feasible.
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This behavior does not reflect a fixation with acquiring livestock for
reasons of social status only, but, is a rationale economic strategy given
the vulnerability context, and the high economic returns from livestock
relative to other economic opportunities in these areas
Pastoral systems are under threat therefore livelihood and food
security are under threat too
Diminishing natural
resources, grazing
patterns and
corridors
progressive land
sequestration
Erosive impact of
livestock diseases
Water scarcity,
Insecurity,
conflicts, cattle
rustling
Insufficient market
access and
declining terms of
trade, commodities
price steadily
increasing
Little investment to
enhance pastoral
production system
and alternative
livelihood
Any of the factors undermining pastoral livelihood consequently put
at risk the capacity pastoralist have to produce or purchase food
.
South Sudan, livestock snapshot
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11.7 million cattle, 12.4 million goats and 12.1 million sheep, this
amounts to the sixth largest livestock herd in Africa with an asset
value roughly estimated at SDG 7 billion.
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More than 85% of all households in Southern Sudan are livestock
producers/keepers
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Estimated number of 950,000 livestock keepers engaged in
pastoralism and agro-pastoralism who are considered as the main
livestock keepers
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In comparison with the relatively low human population this places
Southern Sudan as the country with the highest livestock per
capita ratio in Africa with a calculated average number of livestock
to be 25 per household
South Sudan on the edge
Sub-Sahara
Increase herd size
to:
South Sudan
10%- 3%
20-40%10-15 %
2. sell (terms of
trade are
progressively
deteriorating)
?%
1.5 - 3.5%
1. capitalize
(environmental
stress increases
risk)
7%-14%
< 4%
Southern Sudan could be losing more than 1 million cattle (both young and mature) and 3
million shoats annually through death, over and above the tolerable levels
Commercial off-take
Mortality
Herd size
Annual growth
Smaller livestock keepers are less resilient
PP Pastoral policies
(IGAD -CPF)
50 - 200
20-40%10-15 %
?%
> 200
Animal health services
X%
2-3%?
< 50
Cash transfer
5%
20%
75%
< 4%
Marketing interventions
Y%
Productive infrastructures
“”as the recurrence of droughts heightens and pastoralists gradually embrace the cash economy,
pastoralists are increasingly availing their animals to markets” Ekuam, CEWARN-IGAD, ISS
OLS – FAO \ GREP
After
Rinderpest
eradicated
At least 8
diseases to control
2000 trained
Supervised by multi-disciplinary
teams and be part of a multidisciplinary team at cattle camp
trough Cattle camp initiatives of:
400-800 active
• Embedded in the
• Deployment scheme
Community
with higher level
• Trained for detection
professional network
• Supported by Cost
established
recovery system
• Spatial distribution
• Donor/Agency support
rather than
• Global-Regional
quantitative criteria
Commitment
• Engagement of the
private sector,
• Sustainability never
veterinary drugs,
addressed
pharmacies
• No involvement of the • Extended knowledge
private sector
toward production,
• Huge drop-off
market, IEWS and
LEWS
•One health discipline (OH
platform) and nutrition
•Education
•Indigenous early warning
system (FEWSNET)
•Livestock early warning
system (GL-CRSP*)
•Conflict early warning and
monitor system (CEWARN-IGAD**)
•Support to cattle rustling prevention
initiatives (IGAD-EAPCCO-ISS –
Mifugo Project***) through LITS.
•Community awareness and
monitoring (KAP)
•Agents in DRR and DRM
Community based animal health workers CBAHWs, South Sudan
Programme Focus
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Bridging the gap between emergency relief and
development assistance,
Establish
viable
pastoralist
and
alternative
livelihoods*,
Enhancement of livelihoods options to reduce
vulnerability and destitution in pastoral regions,
Improving livestock production and marketing,
Improving natural resource management,
Strengthening civil governance and conflict mitigation,
Promoting local, national, regional and international
policies beneficial to pastoral areas
•
In considerations regarding alternative
sources of income a distinction should be
made between:
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alternative livelihoods strategies (e.g., exit),
complementary livelihood strategies (e.g.,
charcoal production, handicrafts) and
enhanced (livestock-centered) livelihood
strategies (i.e. market integration, dairy
products).
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