Transcript Chapter 5
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Sociology: A Down-to-Earth
Approach 7/e
James M. Henslin
Chapter Five: How Sociologists
Do Research
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
What is a Valid Sociological Topic?
Macro—Broad Matters
Micro—Individualistic Matters
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Common Sense and the Need
for Research
What Everyone Knows May Not
Be True
Move Beyond Guesswork
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
A Research Model
1.
Selecting a Topic
2.
Defining a Problem
3.
Reviewing the Literature
4.
Formulating a Hypothesis
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
A Research Model
5.
Choosing a Research Method
6.
Collecting Data
7.
Analyzing Results
8.
Sharing Results
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Surveys
Selecting a Sample
Random Sample
Stratified Random Sample
Asking Neutral Questions
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Questionnaires
Self-Administered
Allow the Largest Sample
Low Cost
Loss of Researcher Control
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Interviews
More Researcher Control
Time Consuming
Interviewer Bias
Structured Interviews
Open-Ended Questions
Establishing Rapport
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Participant Observation (Fieldwork)
Researcher Participates
Problems with Generalizability
Done for Exploratory Work
Generates Hypotheses
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Secondary Analysis
Analyze Data Collected by Others
Researcher Cannot Be Sure of Data Quality
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Documents
Examine Books, Newspapers, Diaries, etc.
Limited Scope
Cannot Study Topic Unless Access is Granted
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Experiments
Experimental Group
Control Group
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Research Methods
Unobtrusive Measures
Observe People Without Them Knowing
Question of Ethics
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Deciding Which Method to Use
Available
Access
Resources
to Subjects
Purpose of Research
Researcher’s Background and Training
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Deciding Which Method to Use
Quantitative Research Methods
Emphasis on Precise Measurement
Uses Statistics and Numbers
Qualitative Research Methods
Emphasis on Observing, Describing, and
Interpreting Behavior
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Gender in Sociological Research
Affects Orientation and Attitudes
Interviewer Bias
Women and Men Lead Different Lives
In Past, Women’s Experiences Neglected
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Ethics in Sociological Research
Openness, Honesty, and Truthfulness
Forbids Falsifying Results
Condemns Plagiarism
Subjects’ Informed Consent
Subjects’ Anonymity
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Ethics in Sociological Research
Protecting Subjects: The Brajuha Research
Misleading Subjects: The Humphreys Research
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Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
How Research and Theory
Work Together
Theory Helps Interpretation of Data
Theory Generates Questions for Research
Research Helps Generate Theory
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