Transcript Presentation 1
The Role of Blood Donation in Healthcare
Presented by Peter Hudson Clinical Specialist in Blood Transfusion
WHERE DO WE GET OUR BLOOD SUPPLIES FROM?
•
UK sourced from voluntary unpaid donors
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Collected and processed by the National Blood Service
WHY GIVE BLOOD?
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Over 35,000 donations weekly
- 1.4 million donors - Only 4% of people give blood
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10-15% donor loss per year
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Donors don’t give every time
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Constantly “topping-up”
WHO ARE THE NATIONAL BLOOD SERVICE?
Part of the National Health Service Provide blood and blood products to hospitals
A BRIEF HISTORY OF BLOOD DONATION
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1666:
First successful blood transfusion •
1900:
Four Human blood types discovered •
1946:
National Blood Service Launched
SO WHAT EXACTLY IS BLOOD?
• Transfers oxygen from the lungs • Communication System within body • Average person has 5 litres of blood
COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLES
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Red Cells
- Distribute oxygen and nutrients - Contain haemoglobin
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White Cells
- Fight infection - Several different types
COMPONENTS AND THEIR ROLES
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Platelets
Form a “plug” to stop bleeding - 5 day shelf-life
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Plasma
- Carries other blood cells - Carries Albumin and Factor Viii
BLOOD TYPES
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A, B, AB and O
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Antigens
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A and B antigens Rh Antigen
BLOOD TYPES
BLOOD AROUND THE WORLD
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Prevalence varies across the world
- B more common in South Asian people than Westerners - Anthropology
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Some blood conditions are more common in different communities
- Sickle Cell Anaemia and Thalassemia - Events of the past, e.g. plague
WHO NEEDS BLOOD?
Gastro intestinal bleeding 11% General surgery 10% Haematology 15% •
How many units get used?
- Open heart surgery = 2-8 red cell units, 6 platelet units - Car accident = 4-40 red cell units Orthopaedics 14% Anaemia 23%
RECIPIENT STORIES BROOKE CORNWELL
• 2 years old – has received 27 units of blood • Has Diamond Blackfan Anaemia • Needs blood every month to live
RECIPIENT STORIES LUKE CRAIG
• Involved in a horrific car crash • Internal bleeding and tear in his heart • Emergency operation – 24 units of blood
RECIPIENT STORIES MIKE AUSTIN
• Severe motorbike accident • Leg destroyed – artery damaged • Received 33 units of blood
RECIPIENT STORIES AWELE NWOSU-AKEH
• 17 year old with Sickle Cell Anaemia • Receives blood every 4 weeks • Blood allows her to have a normal life
RECIPIENT STORIES KEIRA
• Kostmann’s syndrome • Bowel removed • 9 units of red cells and 7 of platelets
RECIPIENT STORIES NISA HEYS
• Has Thalassaemia Major • Has transfusions every 3 weeks • Received over 1300 units of blood so far
CAN YOU DONATE?
• You must be aged between 17-65 to donate for the first time • Most common criteria we check are: - Tattoos - Piercings - Travel - Medication • You will always be asked to fill out a Donor Health Check questionnaire
CAN YOU DONATE? (MYTHS)
“
I could die as a result of donation
” “ I might catch something ” “
You don’t want my blood
” “You experiment on our blood” “ It hurts ”!
“ I ALWAYS faint ”!
“ I smoke and drink alcohol ”
THE DONATION PROCESS
Making the call Fill out the questionnaire Arrive at session The donation Aftercare
DONOR ETHNICITY
White Mixed South Asian African & Caribbean Chinese Any Other Group “25% of the South Asian ethnic population are blood group B and only 9% of Western Europeans share this group”
DONOR ETHNICITY (cont)
• We need to build the British Bone Marrow Registry • Some tissue types are specific to certain ethnic groups of the population • The notion of blood donation does not enter personal and social spheres
British Bone Marrow Register
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BLOOD?
• Kept cool then collected • Typed and tested • Components Separated • Banked and ready to go!
WHAT IS THE BLOOD TESTED FOR?
VIRUSES HIV 1 and 2 Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis C Virus (HBC) HTLV (Human T- cell Leukaemia Virus) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
THEY DON’T JUST COLLECT BLOOD
• Bone Marrow • Organs • Cord Blood • Tissue