Safety & fuel efficiency Common driving style
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Transcript Safety & fuel efficiency Common driving style
The feasibility of undertaking a
naturalistic driving project in
New Zealand
Peter Baas
Current road safety research tools
Police crash data
(CAS)
Limited by Police:
role, resources and
reporting
Driving simulator
Snapshot in controlled
studies at Waikato Uni environment
Need to understand real
life driving behaviours
Examples of possible NDB use
in New Zealand
Driver inattention
Driver fatigue
Failure to see other party
Young drivers
Safety of older drivers
Self explaining roads
Link between safety and fuel efficiency
Fleet safety
Self explaining roads
Road designs that promote desirable
driver behaviour
Changing driver scripts and schema
(hierarchy of roads)
Next stage of SER research
MSI (FRST) funded research with
instrumented vehicle:
Influence of road environment on speed
Road features that redirect driver
attention
Tandem model (Samuel Charlton)
Safety & fuel efficiency
Common driving style:
– Anticipating situation ahead
– Driving to the conditions
– Maintaining a relaxed, calm
driving style
– Managing speed
35% difference between drivers in
amount of fuel used
Alexander Petroleum
Achieved in 3 years:
– 18% reduction in fuel consumption (l/100km)
– 50% reduction in incidents
– 99% reduction in 90km/h speed exception
reports from vehicle instrumentation
Four main factors addressed:
– Management / leadership
– Drivers
– Vehicles
– Journey
SAFEDNZ
MOT and NZTA driver training scheme
Based on UK govt scheme with proven safety
and fuel efficiency benefits
Launched July 2010
284 drivers trained (7.26% fuel saving on day of
training)
–
www.safednz.govt.nz
SAFEDNZ Senior instructors
• Standard circuit ~ 35 km long
• Mix of: urban and rural roads,
intersections and different terrains
• Before and after measurements
Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction
in trip
in brake
in braking in time
in fuel use in gear
spent
time
changes
use
distance
braking
6.0%
4.9%
48.2%
25.7%
38.3%
49.8%
Effect on travel time
Fuel savings diminish when driver has to manage
fuel and time saving together (Dogan et al 2011)
Drivers speed to keep the boss happy
Small reductions in posted speed limit have minor
impact on travel time (Archer, Fotheringham et al 2008, Haworth, Ungers et
al 2001)
5 minute difference in travel time but 30% difference
in fuel use for 61km journeys in Melbourne (RACV 2000)
Influence of fleet management on
safety
Fleets with good safety management systems: have
less than ½ the crash rate of those that don’t
irrespective of fault
Crash rates halved when safety management
systems introduced
Based on:
– Analysis of the crash rates of 48,000 heavy vehicles in NSW,
Queensland and Victoria, half of which were accredited to Trucksafe or
NHVAS
– US, Australian, Canadian and other studies
NDB tool limitations
Cost: NZ has very small road safety research
budget
Large sample sizes often required
Variables measured and equipment required can
vary considerably
Data analysis can be complex and time consuming
May be more suited for comparative studies in
NZ especially the effectiveness of interventions
Possible equipment options
Most have GPS, video cameras (2 to 6),
accelerometers, microphone and event trigger
Range in price from $500 to >$60,000
DriverVisionR by Transecurity (ex 100 car
study) about $15,000
Low cost systems ($500 to $1,000) developed
for fleet monitoring purposes (e.g. Drive Cam).
Promoted by insurance companies.
Key measures for basic system
Camera data
GPS
Lateral and longitudinal acceleration
Speed
Speech (to help identify events)
T-eye ADR3000 trial
Video images acceptable
Unable to identify events from accelerometer
(poor resolution)
Generally difficult to identify events. Would
require highly trained observers
Driver wore sunglasses most of the time,
making it very hard to check if distracted
Looking at trialling SBX3100 device
For Self Explaining Roads research will use
Waikato Uni instrumented vehicle.
Summary
NDB tools provide the opportunity to make a
major step forward in the understanding how
to improve road safety and fuel efficiency
Likely NZ use is for evaluating the effectiveness
of interventions because of cost
International collaboration would help