Transcript TAHANAN KAPAL

TEKNIK
PERMESINAN
KAPAL II
ME091313 ( 4 SKS)
Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
ITS Surabaya
Ship Design

EFFECTIVE
it must meet the owner's needs as laid down in the ship
requirements.
(Capacity and size; Cargo handling; Influence of nature of
goods carried; Speed; Maneuverability; Machinery etc.)

EFFICIENT
It must carry out its functions reliably and economically.
(Economy; Availability)

SAFE
It must be able to operate under the expected conditions
without incident and to survive more extreme conditions
and accidents within an agreed level of risk.
The Design Process



FEASIBILITY STUDIES
The aim at the feasibility stage is to confirm that a design
to meet the requirements is possible with the existing
technology and to a size and cost likely to be acceptable
to the owner.
CONTRACT DESIGN
Once the owner has agreed to the general size and
character of the ship more detailed designing can go on.
The contract design, as its name implies, is produced to a
level that it can be used to order the ship from a
shipbuilder, or for a contract price to be quoted. At this
stage all major features of the ship will be fixed.
FULL DESIGN
The detailing of the design can now proceed leading to the
drawings, which are needed by the production department
to build the ship.
CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING THE MAIN ENGINE
Required horsepower
Weight
Space
Capital cost
Running costs
The ship’s requirement for electrical power and heat
Reliability and maintainability
The ship’s requirement for maneuvering ability and/or for
slow-speed operation
Ease of installation
Vibration
Noise and other signatures
Availability
Required Horsepower
EHP : Effective Horse Power
THP : Thrust Horse Power
DHP : Delivered Horse Power
SHP : Shaft Horse Power
BHP : Brake Horse Power
EHP : the power we would have
to use to tow the ship without
propulsive system
EHP
Vs
T : Thrust
(Gaya Dorong)
RT
THP : the power produced
by the propeller’s thrust
THP DHP
SHP
BHP
Required Horsepower
EHP = Vs x RT
THP = VA x T
PC = EHP / DHP
EHP : kW
Vs : m/s
RT : kN
Propulsive Coefficient
s = DHP / SHP
Shaft Efficiency
G = SHP / BHP
Vs
Gear Efficiency
PC = H x O x R
s
G
EHP
RT
THP DHP
SHP
BHP
Required Horsepower


Type of propulsion
Number of propulsion
Weight & Space
As far as the main engines are concerned space and weight generally
go together, but if a trade-off between weight and space is possible,
then ships designed on a deadweight basis should be fitted with the
lighter machinery, even if this takes more space, whilst those
designed on a volume basis should be fitted with the less bulky
machinery even if this is heavier.
In the design of warships, planning craft and catamarans, the need for
a high speed from a relatively small ship makes the power/weight
ratio a matter of vital importance.
On warships space, like weight, is at a premium and the
power/volume ratio is very important.
Capital and Running Cost
The cost of the main engine and the systems
 The most important item of running costs is
the annual fuel bill

Two fundamentally different ways of minimizing expenditure on
fuel:
(i) by fitting as fuel efficient an engine as possible even if this
requires a relatively expensive fuel; or
(ii) by the use of machinery which can burn a cheap fuel even if
its specific consumption is comparatively high
The ship’s requirement for electrical power and
heat
Because the main engine will generally be able to burn a
cheaper fuel than is required by the generators, the use of
the main engine(s) to provide electrical energy and/or heat
for engine auxiliary plant and hotel services via shaft driven
alternator(s) and exhaust gas boiler(s) respectively can
have an important influence on running costs.
ALTERNATIVE MAIN
ENGINE TYPES
Diesel Engine
 Gas Turbine
 Steam Turbine

Diesel Engine
Low Speed
60 – 150
Medium Speed
450 – 800
High Speed
1000 - 3000
7000 kW
100 rpm
31 7 tonnes
285 m3
7650 kW
520 rpm
153 tonnes
191 m3
7000 kW
1300 rpm
21 tonnes
40 m3
Power
Up to
97,300 kW
1080MC B&W
23,450 kW
18 V PC 4.2
Pielstick
8,200 kW
V20 M.T.U
SFOC
g/kWh
174 down to 156
200 down to 167
250 down to 187
Ex.
Low-speed diesel machinery arrangement
Medium-speed diesel machinery arrangement
COGOG
 CODOG
 CODAG
 CODAG
