Transcript Jorge Ramos de Oloveira – Emissions and Aviation

EMISSIONS AND AVIATION
Embraer Overview 2007
Sep.07
Contents
• Aviation and the Environment
• Embraer Roadmap
Aviation’s Emissions Today
Aviation is responsible for 12% of total transport CO2 emissions.
Road transport generates 76% according to the Stern Review*.
Green House Gas (GHG)
Global Emissions
CO2 emissions by Transport Mode
12%
12%
14%
86%
76%
Transport
* Stern Review Annex 7c
All other sources
Aviation
Road transport
Others
Emissions Efficiency Evolution Along Time
• Aviation boasts occupancy rates above 70%, more than double the rate for road
and rail transportation.
• In the past 40 years, aviation hydrocarbon emissions have been reduced by 90%.
• In the past 15 years, nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated by aircraft engines have
been reduced by 50%.
Source: www.enviro.aero
Emissions Contribution by Aircraft Size
Commercial aircraft with less than 110 seats are responsible for
9% of total aviation or 0.26% of global CO2 emissions.
Aviation Emissions 2006
Global Emissions 2006
0,3%
9%
91%
99,7%
Other Aircraft
Other sources
Commercial Aircraft up to 110 Seats
Aircraft with up to 110 Seats
*References: FleetPC 31Dec2006; NBAA Industry Statistics; NASA Report Scheduled Civil Aircraft Emission Inventories for 1999.
Embraer Roadmap
Technology Roadmap
Short Term
Today-2015
Medium Term
2015-2030
Incremental
Improvements on
current Products
ERJ 145
E-Jets
ERJ 145
E-Jets
New Technologies
Development I
Application I &
Development II
Application II &
Development III
Biojet
introduction
Development of
cleaner fuels
Application of
cleaner fuels in
new products
Actions
Alternative Fuels
Fleet Renewal
(replacement of old jets)
E-Jets
Long Term
2030-2050
Short Term Actions – Fleet Renewal
20% Lower Emissions by Replacing Old jets* by New 70-100 Seaters
-20% Emissions
*Study considers direct replacement of the entire fleet of BAe146-100/200/300, RJ70/85/100, B737-200/500, F70/100, DC9-30,
MD87 by the the E-Jet with similar capacity.
New Technologies
Technologies can further reduce Emissions:
Alternative Fuels:
• Biokerosene
TRUST
LIFT
(aerodynamic)
FUTURE
AIRCRAFT
(propusion efficiency)
Advanced Systems:
• More Electric
• Advanced Avionics
and Flight Control
WEIGHT
(structural efficiency)
Aerodynamics:
• CFD
• MDO
• Wing/Fuselage
Design
DRAG
(aerodynamic)
Advanced Structures:
• Composites
• Metallic
• Advanced Materials
Design Trade-offs
Trade-offs are inevitable. Targets for new regulations
must consider definition of priorities.



Bigger engines requires higher
pressure ratios
Higher engine pressure ratio and
bypass ratio reduces:
 Fuel burn (CO2)
 Reduces Noise
(lower exhaust jet velocity).
Higher pressure ratio results higher
flame temperature
 Reduces CO & HC
 Increases NOx
Figure extracted from CAEP SG Emissions Workshop, 9 September 2002
Presentation “Technology Transition” - W. Dodds/H.Aylesworth
Thank you!