Transcript Chapter 8 Energy Balance

IRES, Chapter 8
Energy Balance
Vladimir Markhonko
United Nations Statistics Division
The Oslo Group on Energy Statistics
Fifth meeting, Cork, Ireland, 1-4 February 2010
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This chapter is based on the conclusions of
the 4th Oslo Group meeting; the meeting of
the sub-group on Energy Balance and the
first virtual meeting.
Additional suggestions were received and
some were incorporated.
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Concept of energy balance
An overall energy balance (referred to as
“energy balance” in the rest of the chapter) is
an accounting framework for compilation and
reconciliation of data on all energy entering,
exiting and used within the national territory of
a given country during a reference period.
Do we need a more detailed description of
commodity balances? If Yes, where in IRES?
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The purpose and scope of an
energy balance
Purposes are listed in para. 8.3. Is that para. OK?
The scope of an energy and balance is determined, inter
alia, by the territory, product and flow boundaries:
•
Territory boundary – defined by the boundary of the
national territory of the compiling country (see chapter
2 for details);
•
Product boundary – defined by the scope of all energy
products shown in the balance columns (see chapter 3
for details);
•
Flow boundary – defined by the scope of energy flows
(see chapter 5 for details) shown in the balance rows.
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The scope of energy balance does not
include:

Passive energy such as heat gain of building and solar
energy falling on the land to grow crops, etc.;

Energy resources and reserves (OG4 decision);

Extraction of any materials not included in primary
energy production;

Non-energy products not used for energy purposes (e.g.,
waste and wood are covered in energy balance only to the
extent they are used for energy production and not when
used for other purposes).
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Sequencing of columns in the aggregated
version of an energy balance.
While different columns (except “Total”) represent various energy
products, they are generally grouped and sequenced in a way to add to
the analytical value of the balance. It is recommended that:

Groups of energy products are mutually exclusive and are based on
SIEC (e.g., close substitutes might be grouped together, such as Coal
and Peat, Crude oil and Oil products as their common features are that
they are extracted from limited resources, and that they emit
environmentally damaging substances when burned; these might form
a separate aggregate)

Column “Total” follows the columns which reflected particular energy
products,

After the column “Total”, additional subtotals such as “nonrenewables” and/or “renewables” are inserted and their coverage is
explained.
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Sequencing of rows in the aggregated
version of an energy balance.
It is recommended that an energy balance contains three main blocks of
rows as follows:
Top block - flows representing energy entering and leaving the national
territory as well as stock change to provide information on supply of
energy on the national territory during the reference period;
Middle block – flows showing how energy is transformed, transferred,
used by energy industries and lost in distribution and transmission;
Bottom block – flows reflecting final energy consumption and non-energy
use of energy products.
A separate row should be reserved for statistical difference.
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The format of an aggregated
energy balance
It is recommended that countries follow
as much as possible the standard
format/template of an (aggregated)
energy balance as presented in table 1.
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Top block
Total energy supply =
+ Primary energy production
+ Import of primary and secondary energy
- Export of primary and secondary energy
- International (aviation and marine) bunkers
• +/- Change in energy stocks
The production of primary energy products is usually an
activity of the energy industries. However, some primary
energy products can be generated by industries other than
the energy industries as autoproduction.
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The middle block
 The main purpose of the middle block of an
energy balance is to show: energy
transformation, transfers, losses, and the energy
industry own use.
 The energy transformation describes the
processes that convert an energy product into
another energy product which is in general
more suitable for specific uses. The
transformation of energy is normally
performed by energy industries.
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It is recommended that countries show in their balances,
as applicable, energy transformation by the following
categories of plants [as proposed by InterEnerStat]:
• Electricity plants
• Combined heat and power
plants
• Heat plants
• Coke ovens
• Patent fuel plants
• Brown coal briquette plants
• Coal liquefaction plants
• Gas works (and other
conversion to gases)
• Blast furnaces
• Peat briquette plants
•
•
•
•
•
•
Natural gas blending plants
Gas to liquid (GTL) plants
Oil refineries
Petrochemical plants
Charcoal plants
Other transformation
processes
• Waste plants [this was
suggested during the
consultation with the
subgroup on energy
balances. The Oslo Group is
invited to comment]
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Bottom block
Final energy consumers are grouped into three main
categories: Industry, Transport and Other.
Industry will be subdivided as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Iron and steel
Chemical and
petrochemical
Non-ferrous metals
Non-metallic
minerals
Transport
equipment
Machinery
Mining and
quarrying
• Paper, pulp and print
• Food and tobacco
• Wood and wood
products (Other than
pulp and paper)
• Textile and leather
• Construction
• Industries not
elsewhere specified
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Accuracy requirements
 Should be clearly described in country energy
statistics metadata. As a general guideline, it is
recommended that national and international
statistical offices consider attempting to assess the
sensitivity of each major published aggregate in
their energy statistics to errors of plus and minus
5%, or 10% in the less reliable components.
[any comments on this?]
 Some countries may use stricter criteria.
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Estimation of missing data
It is recommended that countries estimate
missing data in order to maintain the integrity
of the balance. As a general guideline, the
estimates should be created based on the
following principles [to be further elaborated] .
Details on good practices should be in ESCM.
Reconciliation [to be further elaborated].
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Thank You very much for
your kind attention!
Now let’s go back to the text of
chapter 8 and discuss it
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