Transcript PPT
Classification of Time Use Activities
United Nations Statistics Division
Srdjan Mrkić, Chief, Social Statistics
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Starting point – still relevant and fitting
Developed by Dagfinn Ås (1978) based on ideas of V.D.
Patruchev – all activities are either:
Necessary time – basic psychological needs
Explicitly contracted time – gainful employment and
school attendance
Committed time – obligated, but a substituted service
can be purchased
Free time – remaining time after the first three are
accounted for
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Developments of official statistics
Economic statistics – systematic development – impact
on time use activities
Social statistics – more fragmented, yet adapted to
quantify social phenomena
In the context of social statistics, time use surveys
experienced significant development in both developing
and developed countries - in developing countries,
primary concern related to gender issues
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
United Nations Statistics Division
Part of the United Nations Secretariat, specifically the
Department for Economic and Social Affairs
Reports to the United Nations Statistics Commission
142 Chief Statisticians, latest session in 2011
UNSD Mandate
Develop methodological standards for official statistics
Collect, process and disseminate statistics
Technical cooperation
Under the first part of the mandate, in the context of the
Beijing Platform for action, in mid-1990’s
Developed the trial International Classification of Time Use
- ICATUS
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
ICATUS - Purpose
Provide a set of activity categories for producing
statistics on time use
Suitable at national level, provides comparability at
regional and international levels
Serve as standard activity classification consistent with
existing standard classifications in labor and economic
statistics
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Design principles
Flexible – meeting different needs of users of time use
statistics
Balanced and comprehensive coverage of activities
(productive <-> personal, formal <-> informal …)
Detailed enough do distinguish activities of particular
sub-populations (young, elderly, women …)
Harmonized with previous and existing statistical
classifications at national and international level
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Concept
ICATUS - designed to distinguish productive and nonproductive activities on the basis of general production
boundary:
A productive activity is the one that can be delegated to
another person and yield the same result
General production boundary - broader than the SNA
production boundary – includes non-SNA production
Non-productive (personal) activities – cannot be
delegated
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Main categories
Activities within the SNA production boundary – “SNA
work” activities (five major divisions)
Activities outside the SNA production boundary but within
the general production boundary – “non-SNA work”
activities (three major divisions)
Activities that are non productive – personal activities
(seven major divisions)
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Five “SNA work activities” major divisions
Work for corporations/quasi corporations, non-profit
institutions and government (formal sector)
Work for household in primary production activities
Work for household in non-primary production activities
Work for household in construction activities
Work for household providing services for income
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Three “Non SNA work activities” major divisions
Providing unpaid domestic services for own final use
within household
Providing unpaid care giving services to household
members
Providing community services and help to other
households
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Seven “Personal activities” major divisions
Learning
Socializing and community participation
Attending/visiting cultural, entertainment and sports
events/venues
Hobbies, games and other pastime activities
Indoor and outdoor sports participation and related
activities
Mass media
Personal care and maintenance
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Quick summary
Productive activities
Within SNA productive
boundary
Outside SNA
productive boundary
Non-productive
(personal)
01 Employment in the formal
sector
06 Household – services
for own use
09 Learning
02 Household – production
of primary goods
07 Household – unpaid
care
10 Socializing
03 Household – production
of non-primary of goods
08 Household – volunteer
work
11 Cultural, entertainment
04 Household – Construction
12 Hobbies, games
05 Household – services for
income
13 Sports
14 Mass media
15 Personal care
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Hierarchical structure
15 major divisions
two-digit code
15
54 divisions
three-digit code
92 groups
four-digit code
200 classes
five-digit code
363 sub-classes
six-digit code
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
ICATUS implementation – implication for TUS
Implementing ICATUS has implications for the design of
the survey instrument, since the questions, among other
topics, should provide answers to:
What was the activity?
The purpose of the activity, enabling to distinguish between
formal, informal and unpaid work (example of cooking)
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Fitting in a different framework
Necessary
time
15 Personal
care
Contracted time
Committed time
Free time
01 Formal
employment
06 Household –
services for own use
10 Socializing
02 Household –
primary production
of goods
07 Household –
unpaid care
11 Cultural, entertainment
03 Household –
non-primary
production of goods
08 Household –
volunteer work
12 Hobbies, games
04 Household –
Construction
13 Sports
05 Household –
services for income
14 Mass media
09 Learning
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Time Use Surveys in Developed countries
Focus on many topics beside gender
Economic – unpaid work
Energy consumption
Leisure and recreation
Culture and identity
Paid work
Knowledge and skills
Standard of living
Older people
Youth
Children
Health
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Harmonized European Time Use Surveys
HETUS – Harmonized European Time Use Surveys –
launched in 2000
Main activity “What did you do?”
Parallel or secondary activity: ”Did you do anything else? If
so, what?”
Who with: “Were you alone or together with somebody you
know, if so, who?”
Where: Location or mode of transport.
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
HETUS
HETUS
Ten basic groups of activities
Personal care
Employment
Study
Household and family care
Voluntary work and meetings
Social life and entertainment
Sports and outdoor activities
Hobbies and computing
Mass media
Travel and unspecified time use
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
ICATUS and HETUS
ICATUS classifies activities that could conceptually fall
under either SNA or non-SNA work as SNA work;
some of these activities are classified as non-SNA
work in Eurostat and placed under “Household and
family care”,
Collecting water and gathering firewood
Preserving and baking for household consumption
Producing handicraft and textiles
Gardening
Tending domestic animals
“Hunting and fishing, picking berries, mushrooms and
herbs” are classified under SNA work in ICATUS but as
“productive exercise” under “Sports and outdoor
activities” in Eurostat
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Time Use Surveys – Contemporary Status and Issues
Time Use surveys – gaining momentum in both
developing and developed countries
A number of events in developing countries
Pressure from gender sector
Development of gender statistics
Global Forum on Gender Statistics
Increased pressure for more accurate indicators
Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Report
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Back to the starting questions
How close are we at adopting a universal classification of
time use activities?
ICATUS is used directly or with adaptations in many
developing countries
ICATUS needs to be reviewed based on these experiences
and finalized
While it may not be possible and feasible having only one
international classification, certainly need correspondence
tables
Current momentum provides best opportunity to date for
such a push
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan
Back to the starting questions
Obstacles and difficulties?
Certainly, world is not homogenous
Lessons learned?
Many and the process is still on-going
How to proceed?
Finalize ICATUS
Initiate a World Programme on Time Use Surveys that will
be launched by the United Nations Statistical Commission
and would call for conducting harmonized time use surveys
at regular intervals in each country
Time Use Statistics Workshop for Arabic Speaking Countries
25 – 28 April 2011, Amman, Jordan