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Pronunciation Stress Intonation Speed Rhythm Jonathan Courtenay, Dept. of Applied English, Southern Taiwan University of Technology. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Questions in learning and teaching the voice What are we aiming for? What can students do? What can teachers do? What next? Pronunciation vs. ‘the rest’ Prescriptive vs. descriptive EFL vs. EIL? Nativeness vs. Intelligibility Analysis vs. synthesis Complexity Individual needs Politics EFL or EIL? Nativeness or Intelligibility? Do students and teachers have shared aims? Consider aims Listen! Speak! Listen to yourself Shadow talking Find something stimulating! Awareness raising Voice exercises Beyond pronunciation ‘rules’ and ‘K.K.’ Attention to all aspects of voice. Class activities Individual help Encouragement Teacher awareness Coping with complexity Coping with limited time or motivation Experimentation