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Reporter:Chen-Kun Lin Adviser:Cheng-Chien Wang 2011.04.26 Introduction • Cotton, the most commonly used textile fiber, is also a highly combustible fiber. • Flame retardant finishing of cotton fabrics and garments becomes necessary to improve human safety under many circumstances . Introduction • Various commercial versions of N-methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (MDPA) under the trade name of ‘‘Pyrovatex CP’’ and ‘‘Pyrovatex CP New’’ have been one of the most successful durable flame retardant agents for cotton since its introduction in 1968 . • MDPA functions as a condensed-phase flame retardant agent to promote char formation . Introduction • In our previous research, we developed a flame retardant finishing system for cotton based on a hydroxyfunctional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO). • The objective of this research was to investigate the bonding of the two reactive organophosphorus flame retardant agents to cotton and to compare the laundering durability of those flame retardant finishing agents after they are bound to cotton fabric. • We also evaluated the effects of different catalysts on the bonding of these two flame retardant finishing agents to cotton. Experimental Materials • The fabric used was a 3/1 twill weave 100% cotton fabric weighing 242 g/m2. • Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (TMM) • Phosphoric acid. NH4Cl-based. MgCl2-based Experimental • The fabric was first immersed in a finish solution containing a flame retardant agent, TMM or (DMDHEU + TMM), and a catalyst, then passed through a laboratory padder with two dips and two nips, dried at 90℃for 3 min, and finally cured in a Mathis curing oven at 165 ℃for 2.5 min. 催化劑每個系統各添加2%。 Experimental • After curing, the treated cotton fabric was subjected to different numbers of home laundering cycles with the use of a reference detergent (‘‘AATCC Standard Detergent 1993’’). • The home laundering procedure was done according to AATCC Test Method 124 (‘‘Appearance of Fabrics after Repeated Home Laundering’’). • The water temperature for laundering was approximately 46 ℃. Results and discussion The composition of MDPA and HFPO Results and discussion The bonding of MDPA to cotton Results and discussion The bonding of MDPA to cotton Results and discussion The bonding of HFPO to cotton Results and discussion The bonding of HFPO to cotton Results and discussion The percent fixation and laundering durability of MDPA and HFPO on cotton Results and discussion The catalysts for the bonding MDPA and HFPO to cotton Conclusions • MDPA can be bound to cotton cellulose by N-methylol group in its molecule. • The higher laundering durability of MDPA on the cotton fabric is attributed to the higher content of N-methylol contained in the system. • H3PO4 is the optimum catalyst for the MDPA system whereas the NH4Cl-based catalyst is the optimum catalyst for the HFPO system.