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羅非魚（Tilapia），俗稱非洲鯽魚，隸屬於鱸
形目、鱸形亞目、麗魚科Cichlidae、羅非魚屬
Tilapia(亦稱麗鯛科，麗鯛屬)。
Tilapia is "extremely" resistant to viral,
bacteriological and fungal diseases than other
aquaculture species. It tolerates a wide range of
salinity, and relish in "warm" water at temperatures
between 29°C and 31°C. Growth rates decline
rapidly at temperatures below 20°C.Further, and very important for breeding
conditions existing in tropical sun-drenched areas, Tilapia tolerates lower levels of
dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations less than 0.5 mg/l, which is below the
tolerance levels for most cultivable fish. Tilapia consumes a wide variety of food
including plankton, green leaves, benthic organisms, aquatic invertebrates, larval fish,
and detritus and decomposing organic matter - In south East Asia duck droppings are
used to fed tilapia.Tilapia matures fast and is a prolific specie. Therefore, one has to
control population size in pond to avoid stunted growth due to overcrowding particularly in polyculture operations. Cage culture prevents overcrowding, as the
females cannot recover the eggs for oral incubation.All male culture prevents
spawning and better yield as males grows faster. [Males in general demonstrate a
growth rate 40% faster than that of females.] All male fingerlings are produced using
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sex 生物技術概論(高立圖書)
reversal techniques or by manually separating
sexes.
The sex of a 1-ounce (25-gram) tilapia fingerling can be determined by examining
the genital papilla located immediately behind the anus (Fig. 1). In males the genital
papilla has only one opening (the urinary pore of the ureter) through which both milt
and urine pass. In females the eggs exit through a separate oviduct and only urine
passes through the urinary pore. Placing a drop of dye (methylene blue or food
coloring) on the genital region helps to highlight the papilla and its openings.
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The Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) was one
of the first fish species cultured.
Illustrations from Egyptian tombs
suggest that Nile tilapia were cultured
more than 3,000 years ago. The Nile
tilapia is still the most widely cultured
species of tilapia in Africa.
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台灣鯛魚(吳郭魚)屬於慈鯛科，原產於非洲，全世界共有100多種。台灣水產史記載
吳振輝及郭啟彰兩位先生(上圖)於1946年從新加坡引進俗稱「在來種」或是「土種」
吳郭魚，又稱「南洋鯽仔」、「黑鯽仔」，後人為了紀念兩位先生引進的功勞，特別
取兩位先生的姓氏來命名為「吳郭魚」，當初所引進的「吳郭魚」目前已被淘汰。
羅非魚（Tilapia）俗稱「非洲鯽魚」（台灣叫吳郭魚），肉質嫩，是餐桌上的
佳餚。如今，羅非魚的命運也有變化，不僅要上餐桌，還要進燃料油箱。
洪都拉斯一家叫做「聖彼德」的漁業公司五年前開始經營羅非魚，最初完全是
供食品消費；最近他們開發了一種新技術，可以從魚骨和內臟提取生物柴油。
這樣一來，羅非魚得到了全面利用，肉供人食用，骨頭內臟歸車子
「用」。
羅非魚處理生產線。
該公司在水庫中養殖羅非魚，每天用卡車將魚運往車間進行處理。生產線上的
工人將整條魚分成兩半，將魚肉和魚頭、骨、內臟分離。除了生產生物柴油外
，剩餘的部份還用來做成魚飼料餵雞和蝦。
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