Transcript Marine Baitfish Aquaculture

Food Fish Aquaculture
Cortney Ohs, Ph.D.
University of Florida
Indian River Research and Education Center
School of Forest Resources and Conservation
Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
Topics to Cover
• Food fish
–Hybrid Striped Bass
–Catfish
–Tilapia
2005 FL Net Aquaculture Sales
341,000
477,000
1,434,000
191,000
5,245,000
1,731,000
4,070,000
$33,232,000
10,694,000
Ornamental fish
17,560,000
Aquatic plants
Clams 1 & Oysters
Alligators
Other Food Fish 2
Catfish
Tilapia
Source: US Dept of Agriculture; 2005
1 Includes clam seed
2 Hybrid striped bass, largemouth bass, carp, and sturgeon
3 Includes baitfish, crustaceans, and other aquatics
Live Rock
All Sportfish
Other 3
Food Fish
in Florida
Limitations to Food Fish in FL
• One company producing food
– High shipping costs of feed ingredients
• No large scale processing facilities
– Sell local, live, whole on ice, or transport
to processor
Hybrid Striped Bass
Striped Bass female X White Bass male =
Original Cross or Palmetto Bass
White Bass female X Striped Bass male =
Reciprocal Cross or Sunshine Bass
Phases of Production
Hatchery – Indoor, spawning controlled by
hormone injections
Phase I – Larvae stocked into fertilized
ponds and grown for 30 – 60 days,
harvested, size graded, and feed trained
Phase II – Feed trained fish stocked into
ponds at 1-3 inches and harvested at 8-10
inches
Phase III - Phase II fish size graded,
restocked, and grown to market size
Production Systems
Ponds, Net Pens, Tanks
Marketing
• Live
• Fresh on ice
Hybrid Striped Bass in FL
2007 Production
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4 producers
562,000 pounds total production
40,000 pounds sold live for $3.25/lb
522,000 pounds sold fresh for $3.00/lb
Hybrid Striped Bass in FL
• Production trends similar throughout US
• Some farms are expanding their production
capabilities
• Increase in demand
• Steady price for two decades
• Increase in production costs
Nature’s Catch - Clarksdale, MS
Kent Sea Tech - California
Design of Cages
Cages
Catfish Production - Stages
• Broodfish maturation
• Hatchery and fry
production
• Fingerling production
• Foodfish production
Broodfish Maturation
Fry Production
Fingerling Production
Feeding Catfish Ponds
Harvesting
Catfish in FL
2007 Production
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12 Producers - all located in the panhandle
500 A of ponds
Production of 6000-8000 pounds/A
Larger fish produced 2+ lbs
Harvested fish are live hauled to a S. AL processing
facility
• Price decreasing and feed prices increasing
• Increasing grain prices are devastating industry
Commonly Cultured Tilapias
Nile Tilapia
Blue Tilapia
Mozambique Tilapia
Red Tilapia
Females incubate eggs
Reproduction
Males dig and defend a nest
and defend the fry
Eggs can be removed from females:
Incubating Eggs
Mouth Brooders
Yolk-sac Fry
Fry can be harvested:
18 days after
stocking brood fish
40 days after
stocking brood fish
Tilapia Production in Asia
Advantages of Tilapia Culture
• Feeds low on the food chain – lower
protein requirement
• Accepts wide range of feeds
• Resistant to poor water quality, disease and
handling
• Good flesh quality
• Fingerlings easy to produce year round
Tilapia Culture in Florida
• One hatchery and a few small producers
• Production costs are too high
• U. S. producers can’t compete with
producers in tropical climates for
processed tilapia
• Most tilapia are sold live or fresh on ice
• Fresh filets are imported from Central
and South America
• Frozen whole tilapia and filets are
imported from Asia
Marine Species
• Variety of species — cobia, flounder, pompano, black
seabass, snapper, baitfish
Contact Information
Cortney L. Ohs, Ph.D.
University of Florida
Indian River Research and Education Center
2199 S. Rock Road
Fort Pierce FL 34945
(772) 468-3922 ext. 130
[email protected]
http://irrec.ifas.ufl.edu/aquaculture/