Transcript STEPS TO SUMMARIZING

STEPS TO
SUMMARIZING
1. IDENTIFY THE MAIN TOPICS IN THE TEXT
(E.G. PP. 25-27: EXAMPLES OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT,
PROBLEMS ADVERTISERS HAVE, ETC.)
1. TRY TO WORK WITH HEADINGS FIRST
• OFTEN MAIN TOPICS ARE IDENTIFIED BY HEADINGS THROUGHOUT A TEXT. IF THE HEADINGS
AREN’T CLEAR, REWRITE THEM TO BE CLEAR TO YOU (E.G. PP. 18-19)
2. IF YOU CAN’T WORK WITH HEADINGS
• IF THERE ARE NO HEADINGS, OR THEY DON’T SHOW THE MAIN TOPICS IN THE TEXT, CHOOSE
THE MAIN TOPICS YOURSELF.
• LOOK EVERY 2-3 PARAGRAPHS TO SEE IF A NEW TOPIC HAS STARTED.
• USUALLY THERE ARE 3-4 MAIN TOPICS IN A 2-PG ARTICLE.
2. WRITE A ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY (= MAIN
IDEA) OF THE WHOLE TEXT
• E.G. PP. 25-27:
THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV
SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT
ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND
ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT.
3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE
FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC
E.G. TOPIC: EXAMPLES OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT 
MAIN IDEA SENTENCE: PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN
IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING
CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE
SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND.
3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE
FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC
• FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC, ADD ONE SIGNIFICANT REASON OR EXAMPLE FROM THE TEXT
THAT EXPLAINS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT.
• SEE EXAMPLE FROM PREVIOUS SLIDE. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
1. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM
CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE
SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND.
OR
2. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS.
3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE
FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC
ANOTHER EXAMPLE. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
TOPIC: PROBLEMS ADVERTISERS HAVE 
MAIN IDEA SENTENCE: PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR
ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR
COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA.
OR
PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO
HAVE MANY PROBLEMS.
3. WRITE A MAIN IDEA SENTENCE
FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC
NOTE:
• THE GOAL OF A SUMMARY IS TO GIVE AN ACCURATE OVERALL IDEA OF A TEXT.
• IT IS WIDELY KNOWN THAT A SUMMARY FOCUSES ON MAIN IDEAS AND NOT
DETAILS. HOWEVER, THAT DOES NOT MEAN THAT IT NEVER INCLUDES SOME
IMPORTANT SUPPORTING DETAILS.
• IT DOES INCLUDE IMPORTANT SUPPORTING DETAILS (AS IN THE PREVIOUS 2
EXAMPLES) WHEN ARE NECESSARY TO EXPRESS THE MAIN IDEAS MOST EFFECTIVELY.
4. DRAFT YOUR SUMMARY
1.
START YOUR SUMMARY WITH THE ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY YOU WROTE IN STEP 2.
NOW THAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN YOUR OTHER MAIN IDEA STATEMENTS, CHECK THIS
SENTENCE AGAIN.
• IS IT AN ACCURATE ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY OF THE WHOLE TEXT?
• IF SOMEONE ONLY HAD TIME TO READ THIS ONE SENTENCE, WOULD THEY UNDERSTAND WHAT THE
TEXT IS ABOUT?
• ADJUST AS NEEDED.
2.
NEXT, ADD THE MAIN IDEA SENTENCES YOU WROTE FOR EACH MAIN TOPIC.
3.
YOUR DRAFT IS COMPLETE!
4. DRAFT YOUR SUMMARY: EXAMPLE
THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT
ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT. PRODUCT
PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH
A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND.
PRODUCT PLACEMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH
CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA. PRODUCT
PLACEMENT IS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE OF COMMERCIALS, THEREFORE MAY BE A BETTER
FINANCIAL STRATEGY THAN REGULAR ADVERTISING. IN ADDITION TO ITS LOW COST, PRODUCT
PLACEMENT HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF POTENTIALLY LINKING THEIR PRODUCTS TO POSITIVE
IMAGES (GOOD GUYS) AND MAKING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING
LESS THREATENING. ALONGSIDE THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNIQUE, HOWEVER, PRODUCT
PLACERS MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO OVER-PLACE PRODUCTS IN MEDIA, AND BE PARTICULARLY
CAREFUL WITH ONLINE VIDEOS, WHICH ARE EASILY CHANGED INTO JOKES.
5. REVISE YOUR SUMMARY: CHECKLIST
1. IS YOUR SUMMARY REPETITIVE? DROP ANY REPEATED POINTS AND
REPHRASE WHERE NECESSARY.
2. IS YOUR SUMMARY COMPLETE? ARE THERE ANY MAJOR POINTS
THAT IT IS MISSING? ADD THEM IF NECESSARY.
3. FINALLY, DOES IT GIVE SOMEONE AN ACCURATE OVERALL IDEA
OF THE TEXT?
5. REVISE YOUR SUMMARY: EXAMPLE
THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT
ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT PLACEMENT. PRODUCT
PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH
A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND.
PRODUCT PLACEMENT IT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH
CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA, AND.
PRODUCT PLACEMENT IT IS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE OF COMMERCIALS., THEREFORE MAY BE A
BETTER FINANCIAL STRATEGY THAN REGULAR ADVERTISING. IN ADDITION TO ITS LOW COST,
PRODUCT PLACEMENT HAS THE ADVANTAGES OF POTENTIALLY LINKING THEIR PRODUCTS TO
POSITIVE IMAGES (GOOD GUYS) AND MAKING PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMERCIAL
ADVERTISING LESS THREATENING. ALONGSIDE THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNIQUE, HOWEVER,
PRODUCT PLACERS MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO OVER-PLACE PRODUCTS IN MEDIA, AND BE
PARTICULARLY CAREFUL WITH ONLINE VIDEOS, WHICH ARE EASILY CHANGED INTO JOKES.
6. YOUR FINAL SUMMARY
THIS ARTICLE DEMONSTRATES HOW MOVIES, TV SHOWS, AND OTHER FORMS OF
ENTERTAINMENT ARE MEDIUMS FOR MARKETING AND ADVERTISING THROUGH PRODUCT
PLACEMENT. PRODUCT PLACEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN A VARIETY OF WAYS, FROM
CHARACTERS WEARING CLOTHES WITH A SPONSOR’S LOGO, TO THE MORE SUBTLE
INCLUSION OF PRODUCTS IN THE BACKGROUND. IT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION FOR
ADVERTISERS, WHO STRUGGLE WITH CONSUMERS SKIPPING THEIR COMMERCIALS
THROUGH DVRS AND DISTRACTION MEDIA, AND IT IS A FRACTION OF THE PRICE OF
COMMERCIALS. IN ADDITION TO ITS LOW COST, PRODUCT PLACEMENT HAS THE
ADVANTAGES OF POTENTIALLY LINKING THEIR PRODUCTS TO POSITIVE IMAGES (GOOD
GUYS). ALONGSIDE THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNIQUE, HOWEVER, PRODUCT PLACERS
MUST BE CAUTIOUS NOT TO OVER-PLACE PRODUCTS IN MEDIA, AND BE PARTICULARLY
CAREFUL WITH ONLINE VIDEOS, WHICH ARE EASILY CHANGED INTO JOKES.