Transcript Paris: a new economic geography for the metropolitan area

LSE 'London Group'
06.23.2008
Paris,
a new economic geography
for the metropolitan area
Sprawl & Reagglomeration – Vertical spatial disintegration
Frédéric Gilli - Sciences Po, Chaire Ville
Paris, 1970s – 00s : a new economic geography
From an iconic monocentric city to a multipolar metropolis: how
disintermediation, disindustrialization and spatial disintegration
have changed the Economy of Paris Geography ?


Greater Paris Area : introduction to the local geography of people and jobs

Industrial transformation and Spatial disintegration :
– Sprawl AND Reagglomeration
– Diversity AND
Specialization

Evolution of the metropolitan organization :
– Local and metropolitan systems embedded
– Discontinuities and fuzziness
Greater Paris Area
- within the Paris Basin
Greater Paris Area – The Metropolitan structure and its evolution
inh. / km²
per municipality
180 000
160 000
75 quantile
140 000
90 quantile
120 000
95 quantile
100 000
Mean
80 000
60 000
40 000
distance to Paris (km)
20 000
0
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
jobs / km²
per municipality
180 000
160 000
75 quantile
140 000
90 quantile
120 000
95 quantile
100 000
Mean
80 000
60 000
40 000
Greater Paris Area, an interregional metropolis
distance to Paris (km)
20 000
0
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
Employment geography -
Sprawl and Reagglomeration
Employment clusters in the greater Paris Area, 1999
Evolution 1975-1999
Paris
: -320 000 jobs
Core
: +100 000 jobs
Clusters
: +390 000 jobs
Sprawl
: +320 000 jobs

Local share of the metropolis
1975
1999
Paris
: 36%
28%
Core
:
27%
27%
Clusters
:
20%
25%
Sprawl
:
17%
21%

core
Employment dynamics – Sprawl AND Reagglomeration
Evolution de l'emploi dans la Région Urbaine de Paris
Evolution de l'emploi dans la Région Urbaine de Paris
1993-2006
base 100=1993
base 100=1993
1993-2006
130
130
Tot RUP
Polarisé
Non polarisé
125
120
125
120
GC Non polarisé
GC polarisé
région IdF
115
115
110
110
105
105
100
100
Tot RUP
région IdF
Paris
GC hors IdF
GC Idf
PC IdF
95
95
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005 1993
2006 1994
année
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
année
2005
2006
What kind of Clusters? – Vertical spatial disintegration
GPA commuting system – Metropolis and proximity
Evolution of the median travel to work journey by municipality, 1990-1999
The municipal median
commuting distance
diminishes at the fringes of
the urban core
+
The average commuting
distance increases in almost
all the municipalities
=
Two types of job systems, a
local one that narrows and a
metropolitan one that is getting
wider
GPA commuting system
– Monocentric / multipolar / polynuclear
Multipolarisation des espaces locaux dans la RUP
How many
clusters attract
the population
of the
municipality?
Number of
clusters
3+
2
1
0
Communes polarisées
(plus de 10%de la population)
Multipolarisée
Bi-polarisée dont Paris
Bi-polarisée (sans Paris)
Polarisée par Paris
Polarisée par un pôle (autre que Paris)
Aucun Pôle n'attire
What kind of Geography – fuzzyness
The 'zone dense',
an introduction to spatial complexity
Mise en œuvre territoriale - Trois échelles métropolitaines
bureaux
étrangers
Mise en œuvre territoriale - Trois échelles métropolitaines
cinémas
diplômés du
supérieur