Transcript Selective coordination background - why it exists 2.3MB

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Selective Coordination Background-Why
Mandatory Requirements-It Fills the Reliability “Hole”
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Selective Coordination Requirements 2008
NEC®
Chapters 1 through 4:
Generally for all electrical installations
No selective coordination requirements
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NEC® is a trademark of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.
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Selective Coordination Requirements 2014
NEC®
Chapters 1 through 4:
Generally for all electrical installations
No selective coordination requirements
Selective coordination requirements under “special” Chapters
• Chapter 6 Special Equipment
•
•
Elevator Circuits: 620.62
Critical Operations Data Systems: 645.27
• Chapter 7 Special Conditions
•
•
•
Emergency Systems: 700.28
Legally Required Standby Systems: 701.27
Critical Operations Power Systems: 708.54
These special systems and equipment supply vital loads essential
for life safety, public safety, or national security.
Reliability isNEC®
more
crucial than for systems in Chapter 1-4.
is a trademark of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.
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Scopes of NEC® Articles 700, 701 & 708
Article 700 Emergency Systems/Article 701 Legally Required Standby
Systems/Article 708 Critical Operations Power Systems
• “The provisions of this article apply to the electrical safety of the
installation, operation, and maintenance…” 700 & 701
• “The provisions of this article apply to the installation, operation,
monitoring, control, and maintenance…” 708
• “Essential for safety of human life”
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These Special System Requirements
• Separate dedicated Articles in the NEC
• 700, 701, & 708
• Minimum standards
• Delivering reliable power to life safety loads
• Alternate power sources
• Separate wiring
• Locate wiring to avoid outage due to physical damage
• Testing, maintenance, and record retention
• Automatic transfer switches (ATSs)
• Separate ATSs for load segmenting & shedding
Purpose: system reliability for availability of power to loads
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Why Have These Special Requirements
Why?
 Focus on the loads!
• For a few vital loads
• Life Safety
• Public safety and national security (COPS)
 NEC® 700.1 Scope FPN states “FPN No. 3: Emergency
systems are generally installed in places of assembly where
artificial illumination is required for safe exiting and for panic
control in buildings subject to occupancy by large numbers of
persons, such as hotels, theaters, sports arenas, health care
facilities, and similar institutions. Emergency systems may
also provide power for such functions as ventilation where
essential to maintain life, fire detection and alarm systems,
elevators, fire pumps, public safety communications
systems, industrial processes where current interruption
would produce serious life safety or health hazards, and
similar functions.”
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Why Have These Special Requirements
Normal
Why?
 Increases system reliability
Emergency
Source
Source
• Availability of power to vital
loads as long as possible
• Emergencies and disasters
N
E
ATS
Panel
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“Informational Note” to Mandatory
• Informational Notes: non-mandatory
• Design consideration
• Unenforceable point of interest
• 2005 NEC® cycle, CMP 13 moved selective coordination
from Informational Note to Requirement
• Society is changing
• Building systems evolving
• Dependency on availability of power for life safety loads
• NEC® Panel 13 Statement:
“The panel agrees that selective coordination of
emergency system overcurrent devices with the supply
side overcurrent devices will provide for a more reliable
emergency system.”
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First Section in NEC®
NEC® 90.1 Purpose. (A) Practical Safeguarding.
“The purpose of this Code is the practical
safeguarding of persons and property from hazards
arising from the use of electricity.”
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First Section in NEC®
NEC® 90.1 Purpose. (A) Practical Safeguarding.
“The purpose of this Code is the practical safeguarding of
persons and property from hazards arising from the use
of electricity.”
• Hazard exists if power is lost to loads vital for mass of
people to exit a building in an emergency
• Selective coordination for these special systems
• Emphasis on personal safety
• Similar to GFCIs
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Why Selective Coordination Proposed for
Inclusion
• Until 2005 NEC®
• “Hole” in minimum system reliability
requirements
• Could negate the intended system reliability
• 2005 NEC® remedied the “hole”
• Selective coordination requirements
• Articles 700 and 701
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The substantiation for the original (2005) NEC® proposal
for Section 700.28 provides the reasons:
“This article specifically mandates that the emergency circuits be
separated from the normal circuits as shown in [Section] 700.9(B)
and that the wiring be specifically located to minimize system
hazards as shown in [Section] 700.9(C), all of which reduce the
probability of faults, or failures to the system so it will be
operational when called upon. With the interaction of this Article
for emergency lighting for egress, it is imperative that the lighting
system remain operational in an emergency. Failure of one
component must not result in a condition where a means of egress
will be in total darkness as shown in [Section] 700.16….Selectively
coordinated overcurrent protective devices will provide a system that will support
all these requirements and principles.
With properly selected overcurrent
Establishes the Need
protective devices, a fault in the emergency system will be localized to the
overcurrent protective device nearest the fault, allowing the remainder of the
system to be functional…Due to the critical nature of the emergency system
uptime, selective coordination must be mandated for emergency systems. This
can be accomplished by both fuses and circuit breakers based on the system
design and the selection of the appropriate overcurrent protective devices.”
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The substantiation for the original (2005) NEC® proposal
for Section 700.28 provides the reasons:
“This article specifically mandates that the emergency circuits be separated from
the normal circuits as shown in [Section] 700.9(B) and that the wiring be
specifically located to minimize system hazards as shown in [Section] 700.9(C),
all of which reduce the probability of faults, or failures to the system so it will be
operational when called upon. With the interaction of this Article for emergency
lighting for egress, it is imperative that the lighting system remain operational in an
emergency. Failure of one component must not result in a condition where a
means of egress will be in total darkness as shown in [Section]
700.16….Selectively coordinated overcurrent protective devices will
provide a system that will support all these requirements and
principles. With properly selected overcurrent protective devices, a
fault in the emergency system will be localized to the overcurrent
protective device nearest the fault, allowing the remainder of the
system to be functional… Due to the critical nature of the emergency system
uptime, selective coordination must be mandated for emergency systems. This
can be accomplished by both fuses and circuit breakers based on the system
design and the selection of the appropriate overcurrent protective devices.”
Identifies the “Hole”
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The substantiation for the original (2005) NEC® proposal
for Section 700.28 provides the reasons:
“This article specifically mandates that the emergency circuits be separated from
the normal circuits as shown in [Section] 700.9(B) and that the wiring be
specifically located to minimize system hazards as shown in [Section] 700.9(C),
all of which reduce the probability of faults, or failures to the system so it will be
Provides solution:
operational when called upon. With the interaction of this Article for emergency
Selective
a
lighting for egress, it is imperative
thatCoordination
the lightingassystem
remain operational in an
emergency. Failure of one component
mustnot
not
result in a condition where a
Requirement,
a FPN
means of egress will be in total darkness as shown in [Section]
700.16….Selectively coordinated overcurrent protective devices will provide a
system that will support all these requirements and principles. With properly
selected overcurrent protective devices, a fault in the emergency system will be
localized to the overcurrent protective device nearest the fault, allowing the
remainder of the system to be functional… Due to the critical nature of the
emergency system uptime, selective coordination must be
mandated for emergency systems. This can be accomplished by
both fuses and circuit breakers based on the system design and
the selection of the appropriate overcurrent protective devices.”
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Code Panel Statement to the original (2005) NEC®
proposal for Section 700.27 provides the reasons:
Panel Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part
Delete 700.25 FPN and add New Section 700.27 (now 700.28)
to read as follows:
Code Panel 13 accepted 13-1
700.27 “Coordination. Emergency system(s) overcurrent devices
shall be selectively coordinated with all supply side overcurrent
protective devices."
NEC® Panel 13 Statement:
“The panel agrees that selective coordination of emergency
system overcurrent devices with the supply side overcurrent
devices will provide for a more reliable emergency system…”
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2008 NEC®
• Article 708 Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS)
created by new Code Panel 20
• 708.54 Selective Coordination
• Selective coordination requirements in 700.27,
701.27, & 620.62 challenged
• Plenty of pro and con submittals
• All rationale was presented, debated, and discussed
• All selective coordination requirements retained
• 700.28 & 701.27 added two exceptions that did not reduce
life safety
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2008 NEC® Comment Stage
• Panel 12 voted unanimously (11–0) to retain the
requirement for selective coordination in elevator
circuits (620.62) (Required since 1993)
• Panel 13 voted 11–2 to add exceptions to 700.28 and
701.27 for two devices of the same ampere rating in
series and single devices on the primary and
secondary of a transformer
• Panel 20 voted 16–0 (three times) and 15–1 (one
time) to reject all attempts to reduce or eliminate this
key life safety requirement (708.54)
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2008 NEC® Code Cycle
• Proposal 13-135 proposed the elimination of
the selective coordination requirement for
700.27 and moving the language to a fine print
note
Code Panel 13 rejected 9–4
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2008 NEC® Code Cycle
• Proposal 13-135 proposed the elimination of the selective
coordination requirement for 700.27 and moving the
language to a fine print note
Code Panel 13 rejected 9–4
• NEC® Panel 13 Statement: “This proposal removes the
selective coordination requirement from the mandatory text
and places it in a non-mandatory FPN. The requirement for
selective coordination for emergency system overcurrent
devices should remain in the mandatory text. Selective
coordination increases the reliability of the emergency
system. The current wording of the NEC is adequate. The
instantaneous portion of the time-current curve is no less
important than the long time portion. Selective coordination
is achievable with the equipment available now.”
Reaffirm as requirement and not a FPN
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2008 NEC® Code Cycle
• Comment 20-13, proposed deletion of the selective
coordination requirement
Code Panel 20 rejected Comment 16–0
• NEC® Panel 20 Statement:
“The overriding theme of Articles 585 (renumbered to
708) is to keep the power on for vital loads. Selective
coordination is obviously essential for the continuity of
service required in critical operations power systems.
Selective coordination increases the reliability of the
COPS system.”
Reaffirms selective coordination required for system reliability
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Extra Costs & Work
• Cost may not be greater
• All the requirements in Articles 645, 700, 701, and 708
result in extra work and cost
• Alternate power source, additional distribution gear,
ATSs, monitoring, separate wiring, etc.
• Test, maintain, and retain records for these systems
• Extra cost is expected
• Business and government mission critical operations
• Typically designed selectively coordinated
we do itshould
to protectbe
our vital
business assets,
whysafety
can’t we loads
do it to
• NoIf less
expected
for life
protect our people?
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Summary-History of Selective
Coordination Requirements in the NEC®
•
•
•
•
620.62: 1993 NEC®
700.28 & 701.27: 2005 NEC®
708.54 2008 NEC®
645.27 2014 NEC ®
• The requirements in five Articles:
• Minimum standards for circuits supplying a few vital life
safety loads
• Selective coordination increases system reliability
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Summary
• Building systems depend more on electricity
• Requirements must change
• Critical Operations Power Systems (Article 708)
• Addressed at request of Homeland Security
• Systems supplying vital loads
• More reliable than systems supplying normal loads
• Hence the reason for Articles 700, 701, & 708
• Life safety and national security rely on power to these vital
loads
• even under adverse conditions such as fires, natural
disasters, and man-made catastrophes
• Selective coordination of OCPDs requirement for these special
systems
• adds another assurance of reliability: it fills the “hole”
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Summary of Requirements: Selective
Coordination
Key Selective Coordination requirements
• Art.100
Definition: Coordination (Selective)
• 517.30(F) Coordination for Healthcare
• 620.62
Elevator Circuits
• 645.27
Critical Operations Data Systems (New for 2014)
• 700.28
Emergency Systems
• 701.27
Legally Required Standby Systems
• 708.54
Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS)
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Selective Coordination Check List
• AHJ checklist available at
• eaton.com/bussmannseries
•
Click on “Resources”
• Click on “Education”
• Click on “Solution Center”
• Click on “Electrical Inspector Tools”
• Click on “Selective Coordination
Requirements Checklist”
• Choose either “PDF” or Word doc”
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Thank You
Selective coordination increases the system
reliability to deliver power to vital loads
eaton.com/bussmannseries
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