Transcript ch. 19 sec 1-2

THE KENNEDY YEARS:
JFK IN THE WHITE HOUSE
I. The Kennedy Image
A. Charismatic, young, idealistic
B.
1. Family created “Camelot” image
2. WWII hero
3. Served 14 years in Congress (6 in House/8 in
Senate)
4. Confidence helped him overcome
obstacles/controversies
Image aided in winning Election of 1960
1. Defeated Nixon
2. Image emphasized with TV
3. Pres. Debate influence voters
4. JFK chose LBJ as running mate to win more in the
South
JFK: Campaign, Election, & Inauguration
II. Domestic Issues: “The New
Frontier”
A. Plans to stimulate the economy
B.
1. Strengthen conditions for the impoverished
2. Attempted to boost through gov’t
programs(ie- defense and space programs)
Increase the Space Program
1. Fight with Soviets (Yuri Gagarin 1st in
space)
2. Alan Shepard became 1st American
3. John Glenn orbited Earth in ’62
4. JFK desired man on moon by end of decade
II. Domestic Issues: “The New
Frontier” (cont.)
C. Advocate of Civil Rights
1. Endorsed by MLK jr. in campaign
2. Won 70% African-American vote
3. Goal was to pass a Civil Rights
Amend.
4. Worked for women: Equal Pay Act
III. JFK & The Cold War
A. Campaigned as a “War Hawk” on Cold War
issues
1. Believed in strong military presence
2. Desired options: “Flexible Response”
B. The Bay of Pigs (Apr. 1961)
1. Communism in Cuba by ’59
-Begun by Fidel Castro
-Denounced by the US
III. JFK & The Cold War (cont.)
(B)2. Ike, then JFK supported CIA led coup of
Castro
-Cuban exiles trained
-Planned attack at Bay of Pigs
3. Attack was a disaster
-Castro was prepared
-Attack over in 72 hours
4. JFK and US seemed foolish and aggressive
III. JFK & The Cold War (cont.)
C. Berlin Crisis (Summer of ’61)
1. Soviets still concerned about bad East
economy and East Berliners looking for refuge
in W. Berlin
2. Kruschev attempted to bully JFK: Ordered
US to remove presence in W. Berlin
-JFK refused, visits Berlin/Growing tension
3. USSR puts up barb wire barrier then Berlin
Wall (Aug. 17, 1961)
CONSTRUCTION OF BERLIN WALL
III. JFK & The Cold War (cont.)
D. The Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. ’62)
1. Spy photos showed USSR missiles in
Cuba (Oct. 14, 1962)
-90 miles S. of Florida
-aimed at U.S.
2. Led to near 2 week stand off of
tension- nuclear war a threat!
PICTURE SHOWING MISSILES IN CUBA
III. JFK & The Cold War (cont.)
(D)3. JFK set up naval blockade of
Cuba/demanded missile removal (Oct. 22)
4. Nuclear war near-then Kruschev
backed off
5. Oct. 28- Kruschev agreed to dismantle
base/U.S. agreed not to attack Cuba
III. JFK & The Cold War (cont.)
E. Easing 60’s Cold War Tensions
1. Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-ended
testing in atmosphere and underwater
2. “Hotline” between Kremlin and White House
3. Peace Corps. Established
-Better world relations
-Students to 3rd World Countries
-Led by Sgt. Shriver (JFK’s brother-in-law)
IV. The Assassination of JFK
A. Facts concerning the assassination
1. JFK killed on Nov. 22, 1963 in Dallas
2. Shot at 12:30 in motorcade with TX
gov’r John Connolly
3. 1 hr. later: pronounced dead at
Parkland Memorial Hosp.
4. That afternoon, Lee Harvey Oswald
arrested
Minutes before death
Oswald’s mugshot
IV. The Assassination of JFK
(cont.)
(A)5. Oswald sent to jail while nation
mourned
6. Oswald killed on live TV by Jack Ruby
on Nov. 24th
THE NATION MOURNED
IV. The Assassination of JFK
(cont.)
(A)7. Warren Commission created to investigate
assassination determined:
-Only 3 shots were fired
-1 missed entirely
-2nd caused 7 separate non-fatal wounds
-3rd struck JFK in head, killing him
-All 3 shots fired from 6th floor of Texas School
Book Depository easternmost window
-Lee Harvey Oswald fired all shots and acted
alone
IV. The Assassination of JFK
(cont.)
B. Uncertainties and Questions Surrounding
JFK’s assassination
1. Why were the autopsy reports
tampered with?
2. Why did people in Dallas hear shots
from a grassy knoll area?
3. Why was the motorcade rerouted?
IV. The Assassination of JFK
(cont.)
(B)4. Why did the limo slow down to 5 mph?
5. How could Oswald fire 3 shots in that time
from that distance?
6. Why has Ruby been associated with local
mafia?
7. Why have reports been found that suggest
Oswald had contacts with the CIA prior to Nov.
22?
8. Why have a few people stated that they saw
a gunman flee the grassy knoll?
IV. The Assassination of JFK
(cont.)
(B)9. Why did the Zabruder Film show Kennedy’s
head move back and to the left (front,right
shot)?
10. How could one bullet have done so much
damage to two men?
11. Why has certain info been kept secret due
to “national security reasons”?
12. Who would want to kill Kennedy and could
pull it off? Oswald? Cuba? Soviets? Mafia? U.S.?
13. Will we ever know the truth? Do we
already?
LYNDON B. JOHNSON
PRESIDENT: 1963-1969
I. LBJ: The Man
A. Texan upbringing varied from JFK’s affluency
B.
1. Dealt with poverty at times in youth
2. Lived in the hill country of central TX
Personality: complex
1. Brash, ambitious, hardworking, humorous,
compassionate
2. “He can be gentle and solicitous as a nurse,
but as ruthless and deceptive as a riverboat
gambler”
II. LBJ’s “Great Society”
A. Sworn in as President after shock of
assassination
1. Realized the importance of keeping
country going and honoring JFK’s
ambitions.
2. LBJ delivered a great deal of JFK’s
inspirations
LBJ SWORN INTO OFFICE
II. LBJ’s “Great Society” (cont.)
B. Johnson maintained much of JFK’s staff
and include more women and minorities
C. LBJ helped pass JFK’s tax program
1. cut personal and corporate income
tax by 4%
D. Strong advocate of Civil Rights:
1. Civil Rights Act of ’64
2. Voting Rights Act of ‘65
II. LBJ’s “Great Society” (cont.)
E. The War on Poverty
1. LBJ waged an “unconditional war on
poverty in America”
2. Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO):
Designed to create anti-poverty programs:
-Job Corps
-Head Start
-VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America)
II. LBJ’s “Great Society” (cont.)
F. Nation approved of LBJ’s plans:
Landslide victory in Election of 1964
II. LBJ’s “Great Society” (cont.)
G. Johnson’s and his Congress’s programs of his
2nd Term
1. Medicare: National health insurance
program for people over 65
2. Medicaid: Provided free health care to the
needy
3. Elementary and Secondary School
Education Act: Provided over $1 billion to aid
impoverished schools
4. Omnibus Housing Act & Housing and Urban
Development Act: Billions of $ for urban
renewal and housing assistance/ Established
Dept. of Housing & Urban Development(HUD)
II. LBJ’s “Great Society” (cont.)
H. Great Society’s domestic policy success
minimized by LBJ’s Foreign Policy
controversy: Vietnam