Transcript Agored Cymru Health and Safety Level 3 Day 1 and 2.ppt

Agored Cyrmu
Health and Safety
Entry 3
Day One
Content
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Responsibilities
First Aid
Personal Protective Equipment
Handling Equipment and Substances
Ice Breaker:- What does
H&S mean to You?
Health and Safety is
EVERYONES Responsibility!
 Under the Health and Safety at work Act, everyone has a
duty to know and follow safe ways of working.
It is a employers
responsibility to:
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Provide a safe working environment
Make sure you know about safe working practices
Provide training and make sure you can do your job
Assess the risks involved with your job
Talk to you about health and safety issues
It is YOUR responsibility to:
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Follow safe working practices
Take part in training
Know what to do in an emergency
Use tools and equipment in the right way
Make sure colleagues are not put in any danger by your
actions
 Stay alert for health and safety hazards
 Report hazards and accidents to your line manager
Working together is the best way
to make sure safety is a priority
for everyone!!!!!
Be “Positive” about Safety
 Having the right attitude to health and safety can
help stop accidents and keep everyone safe!!
 BE ALERT
 Look out for hazards that others might miss. If you see
a hazard make it safe or report it immediately.
 THINK FIRST!!!!
 Always take time to think, look around and consider
any risks before starting a job.
Be Positive… cont
 DON’T TAKE SHORT CUTS!!
 The safe way is always the right way. Trying to do a
job too quickly or without care can result in accidents.
 FOLLOW SAFE METHODS OF WORK
 Always take part in H&S training and follow what you
have learnt. Follow all instructions that have been
provided by your line manager/supervisor.
Personal Protective Equipment
Suitable PPE is provided to everyone.
You must:-
 Store appropriately to prevent damage
 Wear it
 Do not lose or misuse it
 Report any defects
Safe use of work equipment
 Follow the manufacturers safety instructions for any equipment
you use.
 Make sure its in good condition
 Report and label faulty equipment so no-one else can use it
 Only use equipment you have be trained and authorised to use
 Store equipment appropriately and securely
 Wear the right clothing. No loose clothing or jewellery that
could get caught
 Wear appropriate footwear for the job you are doing
Vehicle Safety
 You are responsible while driving at work
 Seatbelts must be worn
 On the spot vehicle checks will be carried out
 You will follow Road Traffic Legislation
 Your company will ensure the vehicles are maintained in
a safe condition with the relevant MOT and servicing
checks
 DO NOT use a mobile phone whilst driving
An Introduction to
Manual Handling
What is
Manual Handling?
• Manual Handling involves the
transporting or supporting of loads.
• This includes lifting, lowering, pushing,
pulling, carrying or moving.
• The Load can be inanimate, or a person or
animal.
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Consequences of
Poor
Manual Handling…
• Acute injuries - normally lead to leave
from work and a period of rest, while the
injury heals.
• Chronic injuries – Build up over a long
period of time, and are usually
irreversible.
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Kinds of accident causing overthree-day injury 2001/02
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Types of over-three-day
injury…
Sprain/strain often
chronic others all
acute…
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Location of over-three-day
injuries…
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Reasons for a
back injury
• Awkward or abnormal posture
• Poor body mechanics
• Declining physical fitness
• Stress
• Overeating and smoking
• Person is usually unprepared
• Sometimes Footwear?
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Costs of a Back Injury…
EMPLOYER
Sick Pay
Overtime
Agency Staff
Recruitment & Induction
Bad Publicity
Poor Staff Morale
Investigation
Court & Legal Fees
Compensation
Insurance
EMPLOYEE
Pain & Suffering
Medication & Alternative
Therapy
Loss of Earnings
Restrictions on Activities
Legal Costs of Accident
Investigations
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Manual Handling Operations
Regulations 1992
Consists of 8 regulations
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1 Citation and commencement
2 Interpretation
3 Dis-application of Regulations –
(These Regulations shall not apply to or in
relation to the master or crew of a sea-going
ship or to the employer of such persons in
respect of the normal ship-board activities of a
ship's crew under the direction of the master.)
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4 Duty of Employers…
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Manual Handling Operations
Regulations 1992
Regulation 4 (Duties of Employers) is
broken down into 5 Sections:
4(1)(a) Avoidance of Manual Handling
4(1)(b)(i) Assessment of Risk
4(1)(b)(ii) Reducing the Risk of Injury
4(1)(b)(iii) The load - providing additional
information
4(2) Reviewing the Assessment.
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Manual Handling Operations
Regulations 1992
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5 Duty of Employees – Each
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employee while at work shall make full
and proper use of any system of work
provided for use by his employer
6 Exemption certificates - Secretary
of State for Defence may, in the interests
of national security, by a certificate in
writing exempt any of the home forces
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7 Extension outside Great Britain
8 Repeals and revocations.
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Anatomy of the
Healthy Back
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Spine
Three main
functions
 To protect the
spinal cord
 To allow
movement.
 To support the
upper body
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Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
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Cervical – Neck,
Greek ‘Round’ 7
bones
Thoracic – Upper
Back 12 bones
Lumbar – Lower
back 5 bones
Disks
Vertebra
Vertebrae
 33 bones –
the top 24
are
separated
by discs
 Each
vertebrae
has 4 joints
which
enables
movement
 Vertebrae
are larger
towards the
bottom of
the spine29
Transverse Processes
Anchor
Points for
Muscles
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Thoracic ‘Upper Back’
Not very flexible, attached to the Ribcage - a Solid
Structure
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Lumbar region - Larger Vertebrae
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Annulus
Nucleus
Vertebra
Disc
Annulus – Tough fibrous outer, holds discs in place. Can wear / crack over time
or with repetitive strain & injury.
Nucleus – Soft core acts as shock absorber, takes 80% of Force
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Slipped
Prolapsed
No nerve supply to discs, so you don’t feel anything until it’s
too late!
Weak Blood supply = Lack of Oxygen = Poor Healing
Vertebrae bones can slip with Annulus and become a serious
injury!
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L
Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerves
Vertebra
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Tips for a Healthy Back
• Posture
– Maintain an upright posture
– Try to keep the natural curves
– Use thigh and buttock muscles – don’t
bend your back
• Weight
– Try to control your weight, excess weight
causes unnecessary pressure on the
joints
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Tips for a Healthy Back
• Bed
– We spend a large amount of time in bed,
so make sure your mattress supports your
back
• Car
– The seat should be firm and should
support the curves of your spine
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Tips for a Healthy Back
• Home/Work
– Avoid bending over surfaces & try to store
frequently used items at a suitable height
• Keep Fit and Flexible
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KINETIC LIFTING
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The study of
mechanical, nervous
and physiological
factors
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Invented by Tom
McClurg Anderson
(1951) - Human Kinetics
and Analysis, Body
Movements. London:
Heinemann.
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KINETIC LIFTING
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Kinetic lifting shows you how to lift
correctly “ Lifting Techniques”
Does not rely on brute force
Relies on proper technique, assessment
of weight and the function of the handling
operation
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Principles of
Weight Ratios
20kg
Load Close to
the Body
60kg
Load close to the body will produce a
3 to 1 weight pressure to the lumber
area
Fulcrum
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Principles of
Weight Ratios
20kg
Load Away
from the Body
Load away from the body
will produce a
10 to 1 weight pressure to
the lumber area
200kg
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Safe Manual Handling
Technique
Safe Manual Handling Techniques is
characterised as:
A 6 point lift which consists of a set of Base
Movements
They are...
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Safe Manual Handling
Techniques – 6 Point Lift
1} Look at the Load :
2} Foot position
3} Bend Knees / Back Straight
4} Test Load / Take a Firm Grip
5} Lift with Legs / Load Close
6} Put Down with Equal Care.
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1} Look at the Load
Size and Shape
Potential instability
Possible area to grip
If you think you cannot
manage the load:
GET HELP
Look for written
indicators, weight,
content…
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• Do Not Lift ANYTHING
that you are not Capable
of…!!!!!
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2} Foot Position
The optimum position,
Feet hip width apart
with one foot ahead
The leading foot
must feel the most
Comfortable
Leading foot along
side of load
foot facing the
direction of travel
Your centre of balance
as close to the load as
comfortably as possible
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3} Bend Knees /
Back Straight
Relax the knees
Adjust your body weight
through your feet
Front foot flat on the
floor
Heal of the rear foot
raised
Avoid leaning
excessively forward for
extra balance
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4} Test Load/
Take a Firm Grip
“Test the Load”
Use a “ Diagonal grip “
if possible
Diagonal grip
provides support for
the load
Draw the load
towards the body
Positioning of Hands
Feet at the start of
the lift is very
important.
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5} Lift with Legs Keep
Load Close
As you lift use the
Headlock movement
Gently raising the head
and tucking in the Chin
This movement
straightens the neck,
raises the chest and
shoulders
Bring the load as close
to the body as possible
6} Put Down with Care
The load should be kept
as close to the body as
possible
Use a staggered foot
position for stability
If lowering to the floor,
avoid looking down
Avoid twisting the
trunk or over
stretching
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Team Handling
Manual Handling Operations Regulations
• Two person team, 1/3 the sum of
individuals
• Three person team, 1/2 the sum of
individuals
• Similar build and physical capability.
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HSE Guidelines
Carrying weights for up to 10m
only
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Conclusion
• Manual Handling involves the transporting or
supporting of loads
• Acute & Chronic Injuries can Occur
• You MUST Obey Regulations
• Use Kinetic Lifting Technique
• Look after your back
©NC Hughes 2010
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Health and Safety
Day Two
Content
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Risk Assessment
Training
Housekeeping
Reporting Accidents, incidents & Near Misses
Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
Risk assessments are a way to identify risks so
that steps can be taken to prevent accidents and
injuries
You must sign to confirm you have read and
understood the risk assessments that apply to
you and your work.
Risk Assessments
Not ALL risk assessments will be written down!!
You will also assess
risks when you are
on a job to ensure
you can do it safely.
• Protection of the Body
• Protection of the Mind
• Illness resulting from
Materials, Processes or
procedures used in the work
place…
Safety
The Protection of People
from Physical Injury…
Welfare
• The provision of facilities to maintain the
Health and Wellbeing of individuals in the
workplace…
Hazard
• A condition, activity or practice
with the potential to cause
damage, injury or other loss.
- The Potential to cause Harm…
Risk
• The Likelihood of Harm Occurring…
Accident
• Any unplanned event that results in
injury or ill health of people
• Or damage or loss to property,
plant, materials or the environment
• Or a loss of a business opportunity
Reasonably Practicable
• The degree of Risk must be balanced against
the cost to combat it…
Management of Health & Safety
at Work Regulations 1999
• Every employee shall use any
machinery, equipment provided to him
by his employer in accordance with any
training that has been provided to him
by the employer.
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Risk Assessment
• Identify significant Risks
• Identify suitable measures that need to be
taken to comply with strategy provisions
• Appropriate to the nature of the work
• Remain valid for a reasonable amount of
time…
5 Steps to Risk Assessment
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4.
5.
Identify Hazards
Who might be harmed & How?
Evaluate the Risks
Record Findings
Review Regularly
Types of Hazards
PHYSICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CHEMICAL
ERGONOMIC
Who might be Harmed?
• Employees
• Non-Employees
- Visitors
- Contractors
- Members of the Public
Who might be Harmed?
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Young People
New or Expectant Mothers
Home or Travelling Workers
Disabled Individuals
Lone Workers
Maintenance Workers
Risk Assessment
• A careful examination of what, in your work,
could cause harm to people, so that you can
weigh up whether you have taken enough
precautions or should do more to prevent
harm.
Risk Assessment
•Employers must avoid all hazardous manual
handling activities where it is reasonably
practical to do so.
If it is not practical to do so, they must make a
suitable and sufficient risk assessment.
They must take appropriate action to reduce
the risk to the lowest level reasonably
practicable.
Control Measures
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Eliminate
Reduce / Replace
Isolate
Control
PPE
Discipline
(ERIC Prevents Death)
Conclusion
• Follow Rules & Regulations
• Keep up to date with current legislation
• Take reasonable care for the health & safety
of yourselves and others
• Cooperate with your employer & others
• Do not misuse or interfere with safety
provisions.
• Follow your employers Risk Assessments &
Guidelines
Training
All staff will have general training in: Induction
 H&S
 Emergency procedures
 Specific training when necessary i.e asbestos
awareness, BBV etc
 Use of work equipment
Reporting Accidents, Incidents &
Near Misses
 Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations
 Any accidents, incidents or near misses must be reported to
H&S as well as your line manager.
 If we don’t know about it, we can’t do anything about it!!
Good Housekeeping
Store Things Safely!!!
 When you have finished with tools/equipment put it away
in the right place
 Don’t leave work materials lying around in public areas, in
stairs, walkways or in front of doors
 Keep substances in the proper labelled containers
 Don’t overload shelving or cupboards
Good Housekeeping
Help keep your workplace tidy
 Wipe up spills immediately using the right equipment for
the job and the correct PPE
 Clean up clutter and keep work surfaces and your
vehicles tidy. This is to ensure materials and equipment
is stored securely and prevents any damages
 It is your responsibility to keep your vehicles in a safe and
tidy manner.
Everyone’s goal is to……….