Transcript age of enlightenment

WARM-UP – 23.October.2014
In the next five minutes, use your textbook to define the
following words. Then, have your notes, the matching
worksheet from yesterday, and HW #5 (extra copies on
the cart) handy.
Write the term in the questions section & the definition
in the answers section of your warm-up log. Use the
glossary (dark blue pages at the end of the book) or the
pages in parenthesis for help.
(1) Social Contract (p. 575)
(2) Salons (p. 575)
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Also known as the Age of Reason
• Scientific Revolution laid the foundation for a modern
world view based on:
– Rationalism = reason is the chief source of knowledge
– Secularization = indifference to or rejection of religion
or religious consideration
• Use the scientific method to make progress towards a
better society
– Reason could be used to study and question human
nature and society
• Philosophe = intellectual of the Enlightenment
– Want to change the world
– Mostly of the nobility and middle class, most are
French
• Salon = elegant drawing rooms, where philosophes
meet to discuss and spread ideas
– Usually hosted by wealthy women
• Enlightenment influenced by two Englishmen:
– Newton – find natural laws, using his methods, that
govern human society
– Locke – people are molded by their experiences and
can change with environment
• Philosophes began to question ideas that had been long
held as absolute truths, such as absolute monarchy and
hierarchy in society
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Revolutions
Enlightened Monarchs
• Also known as Enlightened Absolutists, these are
European monarchs who sought to govern using
Enlightenment ideals
– They were able to play with the ideas of the
philosophes without threatening their own power
– Did not bring about much reform, thought it would
take away from their own power
• Three well-known Enlightened Monarchs
– Frederick II the Great of Prussia
– Catherine the Great of Russia
– Joseph II of Austria
War of Austrian Succession
• Rivalry between the Austrian family, the Hapsburgs, and
the Prussian family, the Hollenzollerns
• Austrian Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI had no male
heir so he issued the Pragmatic Sanction
– Stated that the empire could be passed to a female
heir, his daughter Maria Theresa
– Also all Hapsburg lands would remain intact under
one ruler
– All European rulers agreed to this
• In 1740 Charles dies and Frederick the Great of Prussia,
followed quickly by France, violate the Sanction and
invade Austrian territory
– Prussia seizes Silesia, one of the richest Austrian
provinces
– Great Britain joins the war on the side of Austria
against France, Prussia, and Spain
• Fought in three areas of the world:
– Europe
– Asia
– North America
• At the end of the war in 1748, all property is
returned except Silesia, which Prussia keeps
Seven Years’ War
• Lasts from 1756 to 1763
• Austria is angry about Silesia and wants revenge
– Diplomatic Revolution = Austria makes an alliance
with traditional enemy France against Prussia
• Russia also joins, although they pull out during the
war
– Due to this, Great Britain allies with Prussia
• Rivalries over colonies also played a major role in
leading to this war
• Areas of conflict:
– Europe – all territories returned at war’s end
– India – known as the Great War for Empire
• France leaves India to Britain
– North America – also known as the French and Indian
War
• Britain gains Canada from France and Florida from
Spain
• Louisiana Territory goes to Spain (for losing
Florida)
• The war ends with Prussia winning on the European
continent and Great Britain winning overseas
– The Treaty of Paris makes Great Britain the world’s
greatest colonial power
– France loses big and wants revenge
Alliances during the Seven Years’ War
1. Great Britain
2. Prussia
3. France
4. Austria
5. Russia
Wars in Europe
War
Between
Why
Where
Outcome
War of
Austrian
Succession
1740 - 1748
France &
Prussia v.
Austria &
Great
Britain
Want
Austrian
land,
female
ruler
Europe,
Asia,
North
America
All land
returned
except
Silesia
Seven
France &
Years War Austria v.
1756 - 1763 Great
Britain &
Prussia
Colonies,
Austria
wants
revenge
Europe,
India,
North
America
France big
loser,
Britain
world’s
greatest
colonial
power