Transcript 2016 tractor safety unit 3

Unit 3: Maintenance
and Safety Checks
What Does a Battery Work?
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Function:
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Stores electrical energy inside of cells.
How:
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Battery Contains Sulfuric acid/water
combination.
When discharged (used), electrolyte solution
becomes more diluted.
When charging (either on charger or
alternator), electrical energy is converted to
chemical energy & sulfuric acid/water solution
becomes more concentrated.
Using Jumper Cables…
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First Connect the Positive post of the (good)
booster battery, then the Positive post of the
dead battery.
Good
Battery
Dead
Battery
From http://www.cyb.co.nz/automotive/batt_facts/jumpstart.htm
Using Jumper Cables Continued
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Next connect the negative post of the booster
battery, then connect the cable to a good
ground away from the battery on the dead
machine.
Good
Battery
Dead
Battery
From http://www.cyb.co.nz/automotive/batt_facts/jumpstart.htm
How important is Oil?
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Extremely Important!
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4 Main Functions of Oil:
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Reduces friction of moving parts
Carries heat away from engine.
Creates seal between piston and cylinder wall.
Keeps engine clean.
Oil Viscosity:
The viscosity grade (for example, SAE 30 or a Multigrade oil like 5W-30)
tells you the oil's thickness, or viscosity. A thin oil has a lower number and
flows more easily, while thick oils have a higher number and are more
resistant to flow.
Water has a very low viscosity -- it is thin and flows easily. Honey has a
very high viscosity -- it is thick and gooey.
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Most oils on the shelves today are "Multigrades",
which simply means that the oil falls into 2
viscosity grades (i.e. 10w-40)
Multigrades were first developed some 50 years
ago to avoid the old routine of using a thinner
oil in winter and a thicker oil in summer.
In a 10w-40 for example the 10w (W = winter,
simply means that the oil must have a certain
maximum viscosity/flow at low temperature.
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The lower the "W" number the better the oil's cold
temperature/cold start performance.
Fuel Systems:
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Gasoline:
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Fuel Tank 
Carburetor 
Spark Plugs 
Engine
Diesel:
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Fuel Tank 
Pump & Injectors 
Engine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgbuE1FT5Ks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYWUWMmimjQ
Both have very small passageways for fuel movement.
Important that fuel be kept free of dirt & water.
Hydraulic System
http://videos.howstuff
works.com/discovery/3
1562-massive-engineshydraulic-diggersvideo.htm
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Works through set of hydraulic rams pulling & pushing.
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Problems can be attributed to:
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1 Not enough oil in reservoir.
2). Dirty/clogged filter.
3). Leaking connections.
4). Incorrect oil in system.
Milky colored= water in system.
Clean quick couplers before connecting.
Lubricating moving parts
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Use correct type of grease & wipe fittings
to remove debris before attaching grease
gun.
Maintain Clutch-Free Travel
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½” – 2” of clutch movement is normal.
May burn out if not maintained
What is Maintenance?
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Proper Prevention Prevents Poor Performance…
In this section, we will discuss:
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Daily Maintenance
Checks
Preventive
Maintenance Schedule
Maintenance Systems
and Charts
Maintenance
Operation
Daily Maintenance
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FOUR REASONS FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reduces Tractor and Machine Stoppages
Reduces Equipment Safety Hazards
Reduces Operation Cost
Increases Service Life
Preventive Maintenance Schedule
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4 WAYS/TYPES OF HOW A PREVENTATIVE
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IS KEPT:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Schedule Maintenance By Hours (10, 50, 100, 250, etc)
Seasonal Checks or Yearly Checks
Date and Hours of Machine when Service or Maintenance is
Completed.
Any Additional Records (Oil, Fuel, Repair Cost)
Maintenance Systems And Charts
Used to find out when suggested maintenance and
lubrication should be done.
(Look @ ~pg. 27 for details)
Maintenance Operation- (found in operator’s manual)
Air Cleaner
Keep Clean- 9,000 gal. of air drawn into engine for every gal. of fuel. Air
must be free of foreign materials if engine to function w/out excessive wear.
Battery
Keep charged, check electrolyte levels every 50 hours of use.
Clutch-free Travel
½ in- 2in of clutch free travel normal. Clutch can burn out if not maintained.
Crankcase Oil
Check oil level daily, change oil filter when changing oil
Fuel System
Keep fuel away from water & dirt- can get stuck in narrow fuel lines causing
blockages. Keep machine fueled & service fuel filter regularly.
Hydraulic System
Check hyd. Oil every 50 hours, replace every 1200 hours. Clean filter.
Milky=water, Leaks=air in line
Lubrication
Lube move parts every 50 hours, wipe fitting before greasing
Transmission
Check 1x/week, replace every 2 years. Checked by removing trans. Dipstick
or plug
Power Takeoff
Check oil every 50 hours, make sure shields are in place
Cooling System
Check coolant level every 10 hours, check for leaks, change antifreeze 1x
year
Tires
Overinflated- excessive wear.
Underinflated- Excess flexing, heating, and premature wear
Tires…
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Can add ballast (weight) to improve
traction.
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Too much weight-no evidence of tread
slippage
Too little weight-too much slippage
10%-15% slippage is ideal.
Types of Ballast Material
Type
Cost
Freeze
Resist
Weight vs.
Water
Safe?
Availability
Water
free
none
+0%
very safe
wide
Corrosive
(need to
put in
tubes)
wide
Calcium Chloride
low
-50F
+40%
Ethylene Glycol
Antifreeze
medium
-40F
+0%
toxic
wide
Propylene Glycol
Antifreeze
high
-40F
+0%
safe
wide
Windshield Washer
Fluid
low
-20F
+0%
toxic
wide
Beet Juice
(i.e. Rim Guard)
very high
-35F
+30%
very safe
dealer
network
Polyurethane
Foam/Flat Fill
very high
+20-50%
very safe
dealer
network
The Daily Maintenance Check:
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Check:
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Fuel Supply
Radiator Coolant Level
Tire Pressure
Battery Fluid Level
Crankcase Oil Level- oil level may decrease over time…
The Safety Check
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When a tractor is serviced, check for safety
hazards like loose belts, worn/broken/damaged
parts, & dirt accumulation. Also check:
Seat Position and Security
Steering Connections
Hitch
Tires and Wheels
Platform (no loose objects)
Steps and handholds
Brake Pedal locking function
works
Attached Equipment
Ignition Wiring
Assignment:
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Unit 3: Pg. 37 (1-10)
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Optional Enrichment Assignment for Success: Pg. 36
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Maintenance & Safety Checks