TELECOMMUNICATION & NETWORK APPLICATIONS PART 2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Benefits of telecommunication networks in business Networking basics: Architecture, Topology, Protocols, Media Network applications

COMPUTER NETWORKS

• Connected computers • Size of Computer Networks • Mobile Computing • Types of Networks

TOPOLOGY

Ring Network

Star Network

Bus Network

Hybrid Network

COMPUTER NETWORKING

Centralized Computing

• Terminals and Mainframe

Distributed Computing

• Many computers process one task

Collaborative Computing

• Network computers process one task

CENTRALIZED COMPUTING

DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING

Network Computers

Computer Networks

NETWORK HARDWARE

• Transmission Media Connectors • Network interface card (NIC) • • • • Modems (MOdulator/DEModulator) Repeaters Hubs Bridges • • • • • Multiplexers Routers Brouters (bridge routers) Channel service units Gateways

COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA Twisted-pair wire Coaxial cable Fiber optics

Wire Media

WIRELESS MEDIA

  Infrared line of sight High-frequency radio • Pager – one way wireless • • Wireless LANs  Microwave • Cellular phone – two way wireless Terrestrial • Satellite

Wireless Media

Wireless Media

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

 The pathway to send data and information between two or more entities on a network  Bandwidth – transmission capacity (Mbps Megabits per second), Narrowband, Broadband  Attenuation – weakening of a signal over distance  EMI – electromagnetic interference from weather or other electronic signals

TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGIES Integrated Services Digital Network Digital Subscriber Line Asynchronous Transfer Mode Synchronous Optical Network T-Carrier System

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

Wireless devices

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): standard enables wireless devices to access the Web • Micro-browsers for hand-held devices

Wireless transmission media

CAPABILITIES OF WIRELESS DEVICES

Cellular telephony Bluetooth service Wi-Fi Digital camera GPS Organizer Scheduler Address book Calculator E-mail access Short messages Instant messaging Text messaging MP2 music player Video player Internet access QWERTY keyboard

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA Microwave Transmission Satellite transmission

• • • • • Geostationary Orbit (GEO) Middle Earth Orbit (MEO) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Global Positioning System (GPS) Internet Over Satellite (IOS)

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Short range wireless networks: Bluetooth generally have a range of 100 feet or less.

Medium range wireless networks: Wi-fi Medium-range wireless networks are the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs).

Wide area wireless networks The most common type of medium range wireless network is Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).

Wide-area wireless networks connect users to each other and to the Internet over geographically dispersed distances.

WIRELESS SECURITY

Four major threats

Rogue access point – set up by insiders is an unauthorized access point to a wireless network.

War driving – intruders to network zone and is the act of locating WLANs while driving around a city or elsewhere.

Eavesdropping – unauthorized access to transmitting data and refers to efforts by unauthorized users to try to access data traveling over wireless networks.

RF (Radio frequency) jamming – interfere with transmission RF (Radio frequency) jamming: is when a person or a device intentionally or unintentionally interferes with your wireless network transmissions.

SECURITY

SSL Certificate - An electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company Secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP or HTTPS) - A combination of HTTP and SSL to provide encryption and secure identification of an Internet server

NETWORK APPLICATIONS

Discovery Communications Collaboration Web services

NETWORK APPLICATIONS : DISCOVERY

 Search engines: Google, Yahoo, …  Meta-search engines: many search engines function at once  Material in foreign languages: Google, Altavista  Portals: gateways to Internet info = Commercial (public), Affinity (specific-interest) portals, Corporate portals, Industry wide.

Discovery allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas, on the Web.

NETWORK APPLICATIONS : COMMUNICATION e-mail Web-based call centers Electronic chat rooms Voice communication: VoIP Unified communication

Electronic mail (e-mail) is the largest-volume application running on the Internet.

Web-based call centers (customer call center) are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support.

Electronic chat room is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab”.

UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS

Unified communications simplifies and integrates all forms of communications – voice, voice mail, fax, chat, e-mail, instant messaging, short message service, presence (location) services, and videoconferencing – on a common hardware and software platform.

NETWORK APPLICATIONS : COLLABORATION Work group and Virtual group (team) Virtual collaboration / e-collaboration Workflow technologies Groupware Teleconferencing Videoconference Web conferencing Real-time collaboration tools

Virtual collaboration is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications.

Workflow technologies facilitate the movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization’s work procedures. Includes workflow management and workflow systems.

Groupware refers to software products that support groups of people who share a common task or goal and who collaborate to accomplish it.

Teleconferencing is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference.

Videoconference is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means.

Web conferencing is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet.

Real-time collaboration tools support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards.

WEB 1.0 VS. WEB 2.0

MARKET VALUE OF VARIOUS WEB 2.0 COMPANIES

TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB 2.0

AJAX: reload portion of web-page Tagging: describing keyword Blogging: personal website Wiki: anyone can post, edit materials Really Simple Syndication (RSS): users can customize information Podcasts / Videocasts: digital audio/video files posted on Internet

CATEGORIES OF WEB 2.0 SITES Social Networking Sites - display content upload by users: MySpace, Flickr, YouTube, LinkdIn … Aggregators - provide collections of content from the Web in a new format Mash-ups – mix and match available contents on the Web to create new content

Social Networking Sites: Allow users to upload their content to the web in the form of text, voice, images, and video.

Aggregators: Provide a collection of content from the web (e.g., Technorati, Digg, Simple thred).

Mashups: A web site that takes content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content (e.g., SkiBonk, Healthmap, ChicagoCrime)

THANKYOU