Transcript Cellular Respiration powerpoint

Sunlight energy
Energy Flow and
Matter Cycling
(Carbon)
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesis
in chloroplasts
CO2
Glucose
+
+
H2O
O2
Cellular respiration
in mitochondria
ATP
(for cellular work)
Heat energy
Cellular Respiration
• The process by which an organism can
extract energy from organic molecules (ex:
glucose) and use that energy to make ATP
Cellular Respiration has 3 parts
• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation (AKA the
electric transport chain)
Quick overview of the Cell
More detail of a plant cell
Structure of the Mitochondria
Glycolysis
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Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
ATP is required to start the process
Starts with glucose (6 carbons)
produces 2 pyruvate, AKA pyruvic acid(3
carbons each)
• What do you gain (energy) at the end?
– ATP (2)
– NADH
• This is an electron carrier that will be used later
Fig. 6-7a
Glucose
2 ADP
2 NAD+
+
2 P
2 NADH
2
ATP
+
2 H+
2 Pyruvate
Fig. 6-7c
ENERGY INVESTMENT
PHASE
Glucose
ATP
Steps 1 – 3 A fuel molecule is energized,
using ATP.
Step
1
ADP
P
Glucose-6-phosphate
P
Fructose-6-phosphate
P
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
2
ATP
3
ADP
P
Step 4 A six-carbon intermediate splits
Into two three-carbon intermediates.
4
P
Step 5 A redox reaction
generates NADH.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
(G3P)
P
NAD+
NAD+
5
P
NADH
5
NADH
+ H+
ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE
P
+ H+
P
P
ADP
P
P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
ADP
6
6
ATP
ATP
P
P 3-Phosphoglycerate
7
Steps 6 – 9 ATP and pyruvate
are produced.
7
P
P
2-Phosphoglycerate
8
H2 O
P
P
ADP
Phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
ADP
9
ATP
8
H2 O
9
ATP
Pyruvate
Modeling Glycolysis
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Beans = electrons
Blue balls = carbon atoms
Yellow balls = phosphate
Red ovals = ADP
Green rectangles = NAD+
Fig. 6-7b
ATP made in Glycolysis is by the process of
substrate level phosphorylation
Enzyme
Enzyme
P
ADP
+
P
Substrate
P
Product
ATP
What’s next?
• Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) goes into the
mitochondrial matrix
– Here it gets converted into acetyl-CoA
• This will enter the Krebs (citric acid) cycle
• Krebs cycle
– Our sugar continues to be broken down releasing
Carbon dioxide
– ATP (1 per pyruvate) is made
– NADH and FADH2 are made
• These carry electrons to the electron transport chain
Modeling the Krebs cycle
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Beans = electrons
Blue balls = carbon atoms 7
Yellow balls = phosphate 1
Red ovals = ADP 1
Green rectangles = NAD+ 4
Green hearts = FAD 1
Red square = Coenzyme A (CoA) 1
Oxidative phosphorylation
electron transport chain
The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)
take the electrons to the electron transport
chain located on the inner membrane
Energy from the electrons moving through
the chain provide the power to make ATP
About 34 ATP are made
• NADH and FADH2 give electrons at the
beginning of the chain
• Oxygen takes electrons away at the end
– Forming water
Modeling oxidative phosphorylation
(the electron transport chain)
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H+ = small green balls
Oxygen = medium blue balls
Electrons = beans
proteins of the electron transport chain = large
red
ATP synthase = Large blue
ADP = red oval
Phosphate = yellow ball
NADH = green rectangle with electrons
FADH 2 = green heart with electrons
Aerobic Respiration
This process occurs in the mitochondria