Transcript Organic Chemistry Notes (April 4th)

Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chemical compounds fall into one of two
categories:
Organic compounds
Inorganic compounds
Organic compounds can be found naturally or
they can be synthesized, but they all contain
C and a few other elements.
There are far more organic compounds than
inorganic compounds.
Organic Compounds
fuels
carbohydrates, fats,
proteins
vitamins
penicillin, sulfa
drugs
plastics
cotton, silk, wool
rubber
DNA
ibuprofen, aspirin,
morphine
Organic chemistry is part of our everyday lives!
Properties of Organic Compounds
usually molecular (contain non-metals
bonded with covalent bonds)
low melting points
nonpolar (insoluble, or only slightly
soluble, in water)
very stable (not reactive)
Carbon
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds, i.e., it will
share electrons with 4 other elements.
It can form single, double, or triple bonds
with other carbon atoms to allow for a
variety of shapes.
Prefixes are used in the name to indicate
how many carbons are in the compound.
Carbon Prefixes
1C
meth-
6C
hex-
2C
eth-
7C
hept-
3C
prop-
8C
oct-
4C
but-
9C
non-
5C
pent-
10C
dec-
Memory Aid
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Alkanes
Alkanes are hydrocarbons (consisting of
only C and H) that only contain single
bonds.
Alkanes have the ending –ane in their
name.
An alkane with 1 C would be called
methane.
What is an alkane with 3 C called?