Transcript Chapter 5 Lesson 2 online copy final version

Lesson 2:
THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
Guiding Question: How are empires built?
Vocabulary:
yellow journalism, autonomy,
jingoism, interfere
Chapter 5, Lesson 2
Setting the Stage for War
• American expansionists paid close
attention to political and economic actions
of countries in the Western hemisphere
Tension in Cuba
•By the 1890s, Spain’s empire had shrunk
to, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
•Cuba had been fighting for independence
for 10 years!
Spain’s Empire
Cuba
Jose Marti
• Rebel who fled to the U.S.
• Newspaper publisher and
poet.
• Returned to Cuba in 1895
and started a rebellion
against Spain.
• What was the plan of the
rebels?
•Cuba Libre- “Free Cuba”,
battle cry for Cuban
natives
•Cubans rebelled against
Spain
•Spain put them into
reconcentration camps!
“Cuba Libre”
American Opinion Splits
•Many Americans disagreed about war.
•Anti- felt it was too expensive.
•Pro- help U.S. become world power.
Call for War
•The press played a very big role
•They talked of atrocities – wartime acts
of cruelty and brutality.
•
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Yellow Journalism
• Demands for US
intervention in Cuba
also came in large
part from US
newspapers
– Joseph Pulitzer, New
York World
– Randoph Hearst, New
York Journal
Yellow Journalism –
Type of sensationalism
biased, and often false
reporting for the sake of
attracting readers
Yellow Journalism
• What was the impact
on Americans?
• Jingoism – intense
national pride with an
aggressive foreign
policy
• More Americans
began supporting
Cuba
The Cuban Rebellion
• Cuban exiles in the states
urged the US to intervene
• Both presidents
Cleveland and McKinley
refused to help
What did the rebels do?
• Began destroying US
businesses to pressure
government to act
“Remember the Maine”
•This became a battle cry of US war supporters.
Remember the Maine!!
• US battleship
U.S.S. Maine sent
to Havana harbor
by President
McKinley to
protect American
interests.
• An explosion on
February 15, 1898
killed 260
American sailors.
War in Cuba
• Roosevelt led the First
Volunteer Cavalry
regiment, called the
Rough Riders
–mixed crew of cowboys,
miners, and law officers
• Buffalo Soldiers nickname given to African
American troops
Battle of San Juan Hill
–Key victory in Cuba
–Crushed the Spanish fleet, and won control of Cuba
A War on Two Fronts
•Invasion of the Philippines.
•Filipino rebels and U.S. troops defeated the
Spanish quickly!
–Rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo
Preparing in the Philippines
• Teddy Roosevelt
(assistant secretary of the
Navy) ordered the fleet
under Admiral George
Dewey in the Philippines
to prepare for military
action against Spain
A Splendid Little War
• The war’s first action took
place in the Philippines
where Admiral Dewey
destroyed the entire
Spanish fleet in Manila
Bay
• McKinley surprised by the
quick victory
• 20,000 troops sail to
Philippines
A Splendid Little War
• Americans seize
Guam along the way
• The Army was not
prepared for war
• Army recruited
volunteers
• Volunteers – a person
who joins the military
by choice
The Treaty of Paris - 1898
•Spain gave Puerto Rico
(Caribbean) and Guam (Pacific)
to the U.S.
•Cuba became a protectorate
of the U.S.
–Nation’s independence is limited
by control of powerful country
New Challenges After the War
• How could US become a colonial power
without violating a nation’s most basic
principle – that all people have the right to
liberty?
Dilemma in the Philippines
• McKinley felt that if the US did not act first,
European powers might try and seize the
islands and new conflicts develop