HIV budding from a T-cell

Homework #1 due 2/7 Bonus #1 due 2/28

Four types of molecules that are primarily found in living systems (biomolecules):

•

Carbohydrates/ Sugars

•

Nucleotides- DNA/RNA

•

Amino Acids- Proteins

•

Lipids- fats/phospholipids

Information flow in cells CB 5.25

Protein

Lipids and Fats membranes/energy storage Polar/ Hydrophilic head CB 5.13

Non-polar/ Hydrophobic tail

CB 7.2

Membranes act as barriers separating inside from outside

Membranes have associated proteins CB 7.7

Are membranes solid or fluid?

CB 5.14

Testing membrane fluidity CB 7.6

Membrane lipids are in constant motion CB 7.5

Too much movement can lead to leaks CB 7.5

Too little movement can lead solidification and leaks

In cold teperatures cells can increase double bonds, unsaturated lipids, increasing disorder CB 7.5

In hot temperatures cells can decrease the number of double bonds, saturated lipids, decreasing disorder cold hot

Lipids and Fats membranes/energy storage Polar/ Hydrophilic head CB 5.13

Non-polar/ Hydrophobic tail

In cold conditions cells can increase double bonds, unsaturated lipids, increasing disorder CB 7.5

In hot conditions cells can decrease the number of double bonds, saturated lipids, decreasing disorder cold hot

Animal Cell CB 6.9

Viruses

CB 18.2

Viruses are very simple, and come in a variety of shapes/compositions CB 18.4

Living organisms must fit all of the following criteria: (modified from Campbell “Biology”)

1. They must have organization.

2. They must have metabolism.

3. They must respond to the environment.

4. They must be able to reproduce themselves.

Viruses only harm cells by invading them and using the cell to reproduce

Living organisms must fit all of the following criteria: (modified from Campbell “Biology”)

1. They must have organization.

2. They must have metabolism.

3. They must respond to the environment.

4. They must be able to reproduce themselves.

CB 18.5

basic viral reproductive cycle

CB 18.7

The Lytic Cycle

CB 18.7

The Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles Lytic cycle Lysogenic cycle

the relationship between viruses and disease

Viruses enter cells via specific membrane proteins; thus viral infections are usually cell specific.

Membrane protein

CB 18.8

an Envelope Virus

HIV Reproductive Cycle CB 18.10

human immune cell (T-cell)

CB 43.14

HIV infects the T-cells of the human immune system

Stages of HIV infection

HIV Reproductive Cycle CB 18.10

human immune cell (T-cell)

Viruses

Homework #1 due 2/7 Bonus #1 due 2/28 CB 18.2

Videos about the reproductive cycle of Herpes virus

From: http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/index.html