Transcript COST-WG3 presentation.ppt

NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY–
Excellency in environmental research and services
Our institute was founded in 1978 under the name of ICPEAR RESEARCH-DESIGN INSTITUTE FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT.
In 1999 it was re-organized as the NATIONAL RESEARCHDEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY – ECOIND.
 MAIN OFFICE
Bucharest - Romania
90-92 Panduri Str., sector 5, zip 050663
Phone: 04 021/410 67 16 (secretariat); 04 021/410 03 77 (phone exchange)
Fax: 04 021/410 05 75 412 00 42
E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: www.incdecoind.ro
 SUBSIDIARIES
Timisoara, Piata Victoriei nr. 2
Phone/Fax: 04.0256/22.03.69
E-mail: [email protected]
Ramnicu Valcea, Str. Uzinei nr. 1
Phone/Fax: 04.0250/73.75.43
E-mail: icpear @ vl.ro; ecoind @ vl.ro
NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY–
Excellency in environmental research and services
 LEGAL STATUS
ECOIND is a national state institute, extra budgetary,
financed by direct contracts with public and private internal
and external companies or competitively from public funds,
for activities within national and international programs.
 QUALITY MANAGEMENT
INCD ECOIND has implemented an Integrated Quality Management
System, certified by Bureau Veritas Quality International, in
compliance with ISO 9001: 2001
The testing laboratories from INCD ECOIND are accredited by
RENAR, according to ISO/CEI 17025 – 2005 and toxicity biotests are
carrying out in accordance with OECD Principles of Good Laboratory
Practice (GLP Certificate by Romanian Authority - ANSPCP)
NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY–
Excellency in environmental research and services
 ASSOCIATED MEMBER TO:
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International Water Association (IWA)
Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A.)
Romanian Water Association (ARA)
Romanian Chemical Society (SCR)
Romanian Quality Association (ARC)
Romanian Standardization Association (ASRO)
Accredited Laboratories Association (ALA - National Associated
Member to EUROLAB)
EURACHEM - Romania
Ownership Union of Producers and Users for Industrial Equipment for
Environment protection (UNIMED)
Romanian Society for Biotechnologies and Bioengineering (SRBB Member of the European Biotechnology Federation)
National Committee for Sanitation, Hygiene and Urban Environment
Protection (CNSIPMU)
Association for Research from Romania’s West Area (ACM-V)
POLLUTION
CONTROL
ENVIRONMENT AND
QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION
ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
TECHNOLOGIES
TRAININGS, EXPERTISE
CONSULTANCY,
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
PROJECT IN NATIONAL
AND INTERNATIONAL
PROGRAMS
NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY–
Excellency in environmental research and services
 ACTIVITY PROFILE:
Mainly applicative research: fundamental and advanced research in the field of
pollution control, prevention and abatement (especially industrial).
The activity is developed in national and international programs of
research and also by direct contracts with public and private companies.
 MAIN DIRECTIONS:
 pollution control and monitoring for water, air, soil and wastes;
 pollution assessment (impact, environmental balance, environmental risk
assessment);
 environmental technologies;
 consultancy, expertise and technical assistance, training in the abovementioned fields;
 environmental and quality management:
- audit, consultancy and training for documentation and implementation systems
management according to SR EN ISO 14001-1997, SR EN ISO 9001-2001, SR EN
ISO/CEI 17025-2005;
- the audit school for internal auditors for systems of Environmental Management
and Quality.
NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY–
Excellency in environmental research and services
POLLUTION CONTROL DEPARTMENT
Laboratory of analysis
( water, soil , sludge,
wastes)
10 persons
 6 researchers
 4 technicians
Air pollution control
Laboratory
Biotests and
ecotoxicological researches
Laboratory
8 persons
 5 researchers
 3 technicians
10 persons
 6 researchers
 4 technicians
Analytical control of the pollution level
Sampling and physical-chemical, biological
and bacteriological characterization of water
sources (surface and underground water,
drinking
water,
industrial
wastewater, sediments)
and
municipal
Polluted soils sampling and characterization
Characterization of waste resulted from
industrial processes
Measurements /analytical determinations for
air
(immisions)
and
gaseous
effluents
(emissions)
Noise level determinations
Ecotoxicological tests for environmental risk
assessment of dangerous chemicals
Organizer of
interlaboratory comparisons
for environmental laboratories
Analytical
research for new
methods
of
analyses
and
for
correlation of national legislation to EU
legislation
 Member of
three Technical
Committees ( water, air , soil) of the
Romanian
Association
for
Standardization –ASRO
Associated Member to different
international and national scientific
associations:
IWA, BENA, EURACHEM Romania
SRC, ARA, SRBB
POLLUTION CONTROL
DEPARTMENT
Consulting and auditing for
implementation of quality
management systems in
environmental laboratories
(ISO 17025, GLP)
Producer of certified
reference materials
for environment
Trainings for
implementation of new
techniques and methods of
analyses, in environmental
laboratories.
POLLUTION CONTROL
DEPARTMENT
Accredited Laboratories
according to
ISO /CEI 17025
Accreditation body –RENAR
(Romanian Accreditation
Association)
Accredited Laboratories for
control monitoring of potable
water quality
Competent Romanian Authority-
Ministry of Health
Certified Laboratories
according to GLP Principles
Competent Romanian AuthorityANSPCP (National Agency for
Dangerous
Substances
and
Preparations)
PARTICIPATION TO INTERLABORATORY
COMPARISONS
International schemes
IMEP 9, IMEP 12, IMEP 14, IMEP 16 ( heavy metals)
-JRC IRMM Belgium (1998-2002)
IAWD accuracy experiment II/2003 (triazinic pesticides)
-Karlsruhe ,Germany
EU/EFTA 2003 (waste eluate) -DTI, Denmark
1th International Proficiency test in South East Europe
(heavy metals ) -Belgrade, Serbia
Circuito CALITAX LABAQUA ( heavy metals; bacteriological
parameters) – Barcelona, Spain (2004-2006)
LEAP PROFICIENTY TESTING (bacteriological parameters)
- Sand Hutton, UK
National schemes organized by ECOIND
 proficiency tests for determination of nitrate,
nitrite, ammonium, COD, BOD, heavy metals
from water and air (1999-2006)
 collaborative tests for the method of analysis
validation: phenolic compounds, BOD,
oil
products
and
greases,
primary
biodegradability tests (2000-2005)
Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle
2nd meeting for COST Action 636
WG 3 “Impact assessment”
METHODS USED IN LABORATORY
PRACTICE TO ASSESS THE
BIODEGRADABILITY AND AQUATIC
TOXICITY OF CHEMICALS
Irina Lucaciu
National
Research
and
Development
Institute for Industrial Ecology – ECOIND
Biotests and Ecotoxicological Researches Laboratory
COST ACTION 636-WG3 MEETING
20-21 JUNE, DUISBURG-ESSEN
Why ecotoxicological testing?
 There are an estimated 30,000 man-made chemicals
currently produced and used in volumes above one
tonne. For the vast majority, we have only very
limited, if any, knowledge of the risks they present to
human health and to the environment
 Only a limited number of chemicals can and are
regularly analysed because it is difficult to do it
(technical limitations or costs)
 Approximately 50 compounds are regularly checked
by analytical techniques which can identify their
concentrations in environment, however, numerous
other compounds (> 100,000) may be present as well;
they are not normally analysed because of their
minuscule
concentrations,
which
are
consider
negligible
 The need for methods and tools to monitor and
control the level and toxicity of environmental
pollutants has arisen:
 more sensitive or more selective analytical methods
are required for a range of target chemicals;
 many effluents contain thousands of chemicals which
are not readily measurable with chemical methods;
 the complex composition of waste water makes it
impossible to identify all substances – incl.the toxics;
 a substance can be toxic below its chemical detection
limit;
 only a limited number of toxicological data are
available and for thousands of chemicals the toxic
effects on the environment are unknown;
 Partly these problems may be solved by the
ecotoxicological testing of environmental
samples or directly by assessment of the
ecotoxicity of individual substances.
 An important tool in ecotoxicological testing
is bioassays - laboratory experiments in which
living organisms are expose to an environmental
sample (wastewater, surface water, ground water,
soil, waste and so on) or to different solutions of
the individual chemical pollutant.
 The aim of a bioassay is to measure if
(toxic
contaminants
present
potentially
substances) cause a biological effect to the
test organism.
 Important parameters which can be
measured in laboratory bioassays:
 Biodegradability - capacity of a substance to
undergo attack by a biological agent, usually
bacteria or fungi
 Toxicity - the potential of a substance to cause
negative
effects
on
living
organism
(microorganism, plants, animals, human being)
 Bioaccumulation - the measurement /
detection of chemicals that are taken up and
accumulated in (parts of) organisms
Methods performed in INCD-ECOIND –
for chemicals ecotoxicity assessment
Biotests Laboratory performed some
ecotoxicological methods mentioned in
DSD 67/548/EEC Annex V - Part C-list
COST ACTION 636-WG3 MEETING
20-21 JUNE, DUISBURG-ESSEN
C.1 – Acute toxicity for fish in accordance to Romanian
standard SR 13 216-1994 and OECD method
C.4-A – DOC die-away test in accordance to Romanian
standard SR EN ISO 7827 – 2001
C.5 – Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD degradation) in
accordance to European norm
C.6 – Chemical oxygen demand (COD degradation) in
accordance to Romanian standard SR ISO 6060-1996
C.9 – Zahn-Wellens static test in accordance to ECOIND
procedure based on international norm ISO 9888 – 1991
C.10 – Activated sludge simulation test in accordance to
ECOIND procedure based on european norm EN ISO
11733 – 2004
C.11 – Activated sludge respiration inhibition test in
accordance to Romanian standard SR EN ISO 8192 – 2001
Biotests applied for assessing the biodegradability
Zahn-Wellens Method
conformity with ISO 9888/1991 ) – inherent
biodegradability test, 28 days screening test; the elimination of the substance
and the “maximum” biodegradation level of chemicals obtained under the aerobic
microorganism actions are followed by the determination of COD parameter; %
COD removal is calculated and the biodegradation period of time is estimated from
typical degradation curve.
(in
Dissolved Organic Carbon Method (in conformity with EN ISO 7827/1995) –
ready biodegradability test, 28 days screening test under stringent conditions;
the total percentage of biodegradation is estimated by analyses of dissolved
organic carbon – % DOC removal is calculated and the biodegradation period of
time is estimated from typical degradation curve.
Activated sludge simulation Test (in conformity with EN ISO 11733/2004) –
elimination and biodegradability of substances in aqueous medium by
aerobic micro-organisms in a continuously operating test system simulating the
activated-sludge process. At regular intervals, samples of influent and effluent are
analyzed for DOC or COD, the percentage elimination is calculated and plotted
against time (normal test duration is 12 weeks); the average level of
biodegradation is calculated from at least 15 separate results obtained in the
plateau phase (valid test - the degree of DOC or COD degradation must
reached > 80% by 2 weeks from the start of the test)
Tests applied to estimate the inhibitory effect of
chemicals on the aerobic microorganisms
 Baird
Test – closed respirometer test, that described the
toxic/inhibitory effect of a test substance on activated sludge
microorganisms by measuring the respiration rate under defined
conditions; the adverse effect of a test substance upon microbial
activity can be identified and the suitable non-inhibitory
concentration of the test substance can be estimated (ECOIND
procedure – RENAR accreditation)
 Test for the inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated
sludge (in conformity with EN ISO 8192:1995) – respirometric method
which gives information on inhibitory or stimulatory effects of
chemicals (or waste waters) on the oxygen consumption of
activated sludge microorganisms, after a short exposure (180
min). The inhibitory effect of the test substance is expressed as
the concentration which inhibits the oxygen consummation by
50% - EC 50 value is calculated.
Biotests performed to estimate toxic effect of chemicals
upon the aquatic organisms (fish)
 ACUTE LETHAL TOXICITY BIOASSAYS
(Romanian standard SR 13126/1994 or OECD method–C01)
Determination of the mean lethal concentration - concentration which
determine the death of half from the test organisms (fish)
LC50
 SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY BIOASSAYS
ECOIND Procedure to determine the estimated value of the
maximum allowable concentration starting from the LC50 value
MATC estimated
 CHRONIC TOXICITY BIOASSAYS
ECOIND Procedure to determine the maximum allowable toxicity
concentration value that have no toxic effect on fish
MATC
ACUTE LETHAL TOXICITY BIOASSAYS
Biological material used in the lethal acute toxicity:
fish population belonged to Carassius auratus gibelia Block,
Cyprinus carpio
The experiments are made on juvenile of 1 year old of fish
population, which have the mean weight of 10 g / exemplar.
The maintenance aquaria conditions for the fish population are:
the constant temperature in the domain of 20-250C, the
dissolved oxygen maintained at values superior to 4 mgO 2/l, the
illumination in the natural nictemeral system.
 The appreciation criteria of the testing substances
toxicity is the death of the testing organisms, being considered
a way of their total response to the lethal toxic action.
 Specific conditions during the experiments:
- Duration and procedure of biotests: 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours; static
and semi static conditions.
- Apparatus: testing vessels of capacity at least 10 liters contains
testing solutions, aerated with CO2-free air. The maintenance
conditions of the fish population from the testing vessels are the
same with the maintenance aquaria conditions.
- Number of testing fishes: 7-10 exemplars. During the tests the fish
population from the experimental aquaria doesn’t received food.
- Analysis: the analytic control of the concentrations of the stored solutions
and testing solutions are made by different spectrometer or
chromatographic techniques. The calculation of LC50 is made based on
the relationship of the exponential regression between mortality
(expressed as probit units) and the natural logarithm of the testing
substance concentration, using the ECOIND product program.
CHRONIC TOXICITY BIOASSAYS – LONG-TERM TESTS
Biological material: Carassius auratus gibelia Block and Cyprinus carpio juvenile of 1 year old of fish population, which have the mean weight of 20
– 25 g / exemplar.
Specific conditions during the experiments:
- Duration and procedure of biotests: the testing period: 90 days.
Experiments are carried out in discontinuous conditions by replacing the
solutions every day.
- Apparatus: testing vessels of capacity at least 100 liters contains testing
solutions, aerated with CO2-free air.
- Number of testing fishes: 25 - 50 exemplars. During the tests the fish
population from the experimental aquaria receives food.
- Analysis: the analytic control of the concentrations of the stored solutions
and testing solutions is made by adequate techniques. The estimation of
MATC is based on the determination of the following indices:
 physiological indices (instantaneous rate of weight increase,
instantaneous rate of mortality, mean biomass, production, food
utilization for growth coefficient).
 biochemical indices (hepatic transaminases activity – TGO and TGP).
Dangerous substances tested in ECOIND
Aromatic amines: anilin, o-nitroanilin, phenilendiamin,
o-toluidin, p-aminophenol
Nitro-derivates compounds : nitrobenzen, nitrotoluen,
2,4 dinitro-toluen; , p-clor-nitrobenzen
Heavy metals : Ni, Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cr
Pesticides: ziram, dazomet, captan, mancozeb, atrazin,
simazin, triclorfon, diclorvos, molinat
Degreaser / cleaner preparations with hazardous
substances presented in their composition
Mineral transformator oils
Organic-chlorinated
substances:
1,2-diclorbenzen;
1,2,4-triclorbenzen;hexaclorbenzen;pentaclorfenol
2,6-ditert-butyl-p-crezol (BHT)
Types of obtained results
 Admissibility limits in biological waste water treatment plants
for aromatic amines and nitro derivates compounds
 Establishment of biodegradability characteristics (“maximum”
biodegradation level, biodegradation rate, biodegradation period of
time)
for
aromatic
amines;
nitro-derivates
compounds;
degreaser/cleaner preparations, mineral oils
 Establishment of the lethal concentration-LC50 and the
maximum allowable toxicity concentration in water– MATC for
heavy
metals,
pesticides,
organic-chlorinated
substances,
degreaser/cleaner preparations, mineral oils
 Establishment the concentration which inhibits the oxygen
consummation by 50% – CE50 for degreaser/cleaner preparations,
mineral oils
 Indicaton of danger and adverse effects in the aquatic
environment (risk phrases–R assigned) for organic-chlorinated
substances
THANK YOU
for your attention!