Transcript Hybrid-EV_Day1.ppt

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What is
What will be
UNDER THE HOOD
and IN THE TANK ?
By
John Zavalney
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A one day introduction to
ALTERNATIVE CLEAN FUEL
for transportation
I. Internal Combustion Engines
A. How it works
II. Fuels; pros & cons
A.Fossil Fuels
B. Efficiency
1. Gasoline
C. Pros & Cons
2. Diesel
D. Why Change
B Alternatives
1. Electric
2. Hybrid
3. Hydrogen
4. Linkvolt
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
How it works
http://www.rkm.com.au/ANIMATIONS/animation-4-stroke-engine.html
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
How it works
• Combustion of a FUEL in a chamber
• With an oxidizer usually air
• Produces increases in temperature and
pressure in the chamber
• That pressure applies a force to a piston or
turbine blade
Detailed explanation and animation
of how an ICE works
•http://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Efficiency
About 12.6% of the energy that goes into the tank is
used to move the vehicle
ICE engines lose 62.4% to
•Friction
•Heat
•Pumping air
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Efficiency
How much of the energy from gasoline goes to moving you?
http://www.fueleconomy.gov/FEG/atv.shtml
Planet Green
How Stuff Works video clip
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybridgreenwash.htm
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Pros & Cons
PROS
• Relatively efficient
(compared to an
external combustion
engine)
• Relatively inexpensive
(compared to a gas
turbine)
• Relatively easy to
refuel (compared to an
electric car)
CONS
• Rapidly decreasing
availability of gasoline
worldwide
• Harmful exhaust
emissions into atmosphere
(CO, CO2, hydrocarbons,
etc.)
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Why Change?
•In 1970, there were 200 million cars in the
world1
• In 1990, there were almost 500 million1
•In 1997 there were over 600 million2
•If present trends continue, the number of
cars on Earth will double in the next 30
years2
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Why Change?
Cars in the USA are
33% larger than the
average car in the
world
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Why Change?
•600gl: Average amount of
gasoline consumed by one
U.S. car each year.
•12,000lbs: Amount of
carbon dioxide emitted
from one U.S. car each
year.
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Why Change?
•The U.S. has less than 5%
of the worlds total
population.
•U.S. car contribute almost
50% of the worlds
automotive green house
gases
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Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Fuel Options
Fossil Fuels: Gasoline & Diesel
PROS
CONS
• Less expensive than
other fuels
• Made from a petroleum not
common in the U.S.
• Less expensive to run
• Does not burn cleanly
• It is a pollutant
• Limited supply