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Gramma 名词性从句（Noun clauses as the subject）
What part does the underlined part
serve as in each sentence?
A tree has fallen across the road.
You are a student.
To find your way can be a problem.
Smoking is bad for you.
“How do you do?” is a greeting.
What she said is not yet known.
That we shall be late is certain.
It is certain that we shall be late.
We can see from these sentences that
a sentence serves as subject, so we call
it Subject Clause.
主语从句
• 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句
谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末
尾。
• How the book will sell depends on its author.
That he is the best student in the class is obvious.
引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。 如：That they were true sisters
was clear from the facial resemblance between
them.
很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
(2) 从属连词whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,
whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
主语从句三要素
How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
Is what you told me really true?
不
能
省
略
关
联
词
谓
语
动
词
用
单
数
从
句
用
陈
述
语
序
Notice :
What we need most
are books.
Agreement in subject clauses
在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。
无论他说什么都不重要
。
Whatever he says is of no importance
无论谁说这话都不对。
Whoever says that is wrong．
但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要
视句子的意义而定
What I need is money.
What I need are books.
what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子
成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
Whatever and whoever
Whatever＝anything that
Whoever＝anyone who
不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished。
＝Anyone who breaks the law should be
punished.
whether 与 if
在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代：
1.whether 引导主语从句 如：
Whether it is true remains a problem.
2. 引导表语从句用whether， 如：
The question is whether you should accept it.
3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语， 如：
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
It depends on whether we have got enough money.
4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用， 如：
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
If Mary really heard him was doubtful. ×
Whether Mary really heard him was doubtful. √
It was doubtful if Mary really heard him
主语从句置于句首时, 不能用if 引导
如果用it 作形式主语, 就可以用if 引导
√
不可省略的连词：
1.引导主语，同位语，表语从句的连词不可省略。
2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句
3.并列宾语从句中，后面的从句引导词。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
The reason is that he is too careless.
I think it necessary that you should read aloud.
He told （that） his father had died and that he had to
make a living by himself.
用it 作形式主语的结构(1)
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that …
事实是…
It is an honor that
…非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that
…是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that…
很自然…
It is strange that…
奇怪的是…
用it 作形式主语的结构(2)
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that…
似乎…
It happened that…
碰巧…
It appears that…
似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that…
据报道…
It has been proved that…
已证实…
It is said that…
据说…
Exercises :
Part One: 主语从句单选题
1. D has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
2.It was A he said
disappointed me.
A. what ;that B. that; that C. what; what D. that;
what
3. B we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B .Whether
C. That
4. A we can’t get seems better than
D. Where
we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
Part Two: 改错
1.He doesn’t like them is very clear.
(That he…)
2.That has happened proves that my advice is right.
(What has)
3.Because of my poor memory,that you told me has
been forgotten.
( what you / all that you )
4.If he has signed his name doesn’t matter.
(Whether)
5.What is the most important in life aren’t
money.
(isn’t)
1. ____ you don’t like him is none of
my business.
A. What
B. Who
C.
D. Whether
C That
2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling
the earth, ________ our astronauts desire
to do is to walk in space
B what
A.where
B.
C. that
D. how
3. ____ the 2012 Olympic Games will
be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever
B. If
C.
D. That
C Whether
4. _____ we’ll go camping tomorrow
depends on the weather.
A. If
B.
B Whether
C. That
D. Where
5. ____ leaves the room last ought to
turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C.
D. Who
C Whoever
6. ___ is a fact that English is being
accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D.
D It
7. ___ in the newspaper that the price
of food will go up.
A. It says
C. It has said
B.
B It is said
D. He is said
8. It worried her a bit ________her
hair was turning grey.
A. while B.
B that
C. if
D. for
9. There is no doubt ________.
A.
A that Mr. Hansen is in good health
B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy
C. if Mr. Hansen's health was
returning
D. whether Mr. Hansen in health
10. The Foreign Minister said, “____
our hope that the two sides will work
towards peace.”
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
D
11. It is necessary that a college
student ________ at least a foreign
language.
A. masters
C. mastered
B. should master
B
D. will master