Transcript SK Telecom

Wireless Data Mobile
Network Architecture and
Technology
2001. 2. 15.
이영찬
[email protected]
SK Telecom
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
목차
 Wireless Data Mobile Network
 cdma2000 1X
 gmsGPRS 와 umtsGPRS
 GPRS & Mobile IP
 EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV
 EDGE
 1X
EV-DO
 1X
EV-DV
 UMTS Data Network 구성 및 진화
 Conclusion
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
Wireless Data Mobile Network(1)
2G
3G
621Kbps(2.457Mbps)
1X EV-DO/DV 1.2Mbps(5.184Mbps)
144Kbps(307.2Kbps)
9.6 ~14.4Kbps
IS-95A
cdma2000 1X
IS-95B
64Kbps (115.2Kbps)
IMT-2000 MC
cdma2000 3x
144~2Mbps
EDGE 384Kbps (473.6Kbps)
115.2Kbps(171.2Kbps)
9.6Kbps
GSM
HSCSD
28.8Kbps (57.6Kbps)
9.6Kbps
28.8Kbps
PDC
PDC-P
SK Telecom 이영찬
GPRS
IMT-2000 DS
(UMTS)
144~2Mbps
HSN 2001
Wireless Data Mobile Network(2)
2G
3G
1.25(MHz)
1X EV-DO /DV
1.25(MHz)
1.25(MHz)
IS-95A
IS-95B
1.25(MHz)
cdma2000 1X
IMT-2000 MC
cdma2000 3x
1.25(MHz) x 3
EDGE 25(KHz) x 8
25KHz
25(KHz) x 4
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS
25(KHz) x 8
IMT-2000 DS
(UMTS)
5(MHz)
25KHz
PDC
PDC-P
CDMA
TDMA
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
Wireless Data Mobile Network(3)
Technology
Single Channel
Peak Rate
Channel
Conc.
Multi-Channel
Peak Rate
Average Data
Throughput
cdma2000 1X
153.6 Kbps
1
153.6 Kbps
150 Kbps
307.2 Kbps
2
614.4 Kbps
415 Kbps
gsmGPRS(200KHz)
21.4 Kbps
8
171.2 Kbps
115 Kbps
cdma2000 3X MC
2.072 Mbps
3(6)
2.072 Mbps
1117 Kbps
2.048 Mbps
1
2.048 Mbps
1126 Kbps
cdma2000 1X EV-DO
2.457 Mbps
(HDR)
(153.6 Kbps)
1
-
621 Kbps
345.6 Kbps
15
5.184 Mbps
1.2 Mbps
59.2 Kbps
8
473.6 Kbps
(Phase 1)
cdma2000 1X
(Rel. A)
(5MHz)
W-CDMA
(umtsGPRS)
cdma2000 1X EV-DV
(1XTREME)
EDGE(200KHz)
(614.4 Kbps)
384 Kbps
** 규격 기반의 자료로 실제 상용 장비는 현재
최소 규격만을 만족
SK Telecom 이영찬
11/16
HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X
구분
데이터 서비스
시스템 용량
Description
• 1X RTT : 144kbps
• 패킷 데이터 지원 : MAC기능
• Increased by 1.5 - 2 times (IS-95A/B 비교)
• Code 채널 수 : 128 Walsh/1X
역방향 호환성
• 95A/95B시스템과의 호환성 지원
단말기
대기시간
• 2배(Quick Paging 채널을 이용)
변조방식
• Turbo Code Data QPSK, Complex PN Spreading
전력제어
• 고속 순방향 전력제어(800Hz)
TX Scheme
OTD
SK Telecom 이영찬
• 역방향 Continuous Transmission, Biomedical 간섭 최소
• Orthogonal Code를 이용한 송신 다이버시티
HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X
Phase 1
Peak Data Rate = 153.6kbps;
Throughput/Capacity = 150kbps
Release A
Peak Data Rate = 614.4kbps (2 channel concatenation)
Throughput/Capacity = 415kbps
Flexibility to Deploy Data Only Carriers to Maximize End-User Data
Rates
Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B
Supports seamless handoffs between A/B/1X, carrier overlay, and
overflow of both voice and data through load management
Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services on a
Single Carrier
Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization
Extension of IS-95B commercial deployments
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X Data Network
3
VLR
<Mobile IP 참조 모델>
SS7
Network
4
2
RADIUS
HLR
Home Access
Provider Network
RADIUS
7
Home IP
Network
6
8
1
IP
Network
R-P
Interfac
e
Mobile Station
RN
5,10
Visited Access
Provider Network
RADIUS
Broker
Network
PDSN
9
HA
Home IP Network,
Private Network,
Home Access Provider
Network
** 1x EV-DO는 데이터 전용서비스로 ESN(Electronic Serial Number-일명 hexa)이 없이
가입자의 id와 password만으로 인증을
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
Packet Data Dormant State
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
gsmGPRS 와 umtsGPRS 비교
항목
gsmGPRS
umtsGPRS
(GPRS Phase 1)
(GPRS Phase 2, GPRS EV)
IP & X.25
IP 위주
Non Real-time Packet
(순수한 Data Service)
Real-time Packet 포함
(Packet 영상통화도 가능)
Rel. 97 (GSM Phase 2+)
Rel. 99, Rel. 4, 5
Access
-
200 KHz (TDMA)
5 MHz (CDMA)
BSC + PCU (Gb)
RNC (Iu-PS)
GTP
SGSN  GGSN
RNC GGSN
Fixed Network
Service
Standard
SK Telecom 이영찬
11/16
HSN 2001
gsmGPRS Reference Model
SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
SM-SC
E
C
Gd
MSC/VLR
MT
R
Um
D
Gs
Gb
A
TE
HLR
BS
S
Gr
SGSN
Gn
SGSN
Gc
Gp
GGSN
Other PLMN
GGSN
Gn
Gf
PDN
TE
Gi
EIR
Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
GSM
GPRS
other
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
gsmGPRS Features
Key User Features of GPRS
Nonvoice value added service
Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps
Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec
Quality of Service
Key Network Features of GPRS
Packet Switching
Spectrum Efficiency
• GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources
Internet Aware
• End-to-end IP delivery
Support SMS and Paging
Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)
Designed to support IP and X25
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
gsmGPRS Limitations
Limitations of GPRS
Limited Cell Capacity
Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps
Transit Delays
no Store and Forward
QoS improvement needed
• GPRS was not design to provide Real Time services.
• Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation
Mobile-specific standard
• difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards (IP Mobility, IP QoS).
• The mobile network operator could experience a difficult interoperability with
Internet and miss the opportunity of using cheaper and fast evolving IP
products
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
gsmGPRS User Plane
Application
IP end to end / X.25 end to end
IP / X.25
IP / X.25
IP
GTP Tunnel
SNDCP
SNDCP
GTP
GTP
LLC
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)
LLC
LLC Relay
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
Frame
Relay
L2
MAC
Frame
Relay
L2
MAC
GSM PL
GSM PL
L1bis
L1bis
L1
L1
Um
MS
Gb
BSS
Gn
SGSN
Gi
GGSN
To support in the same way IP and X.25 data
Not fully optimized for IP data
GTP was designed for this
heavy 3 layer protocol stack
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
umtsGPRS Network
Node B
Uu
Packet
network
PSTN
RNC
Iu
MSC
HLR/AuC
Iu
Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Packet
Inter-PLMN
network
Backbone
network
Border
Gateway (BG)
Gp
Firewall
Gs
Gr
Gd
Packet
SS7
network
Network
Gs
Gn
Intra-PLMN
backbone
network
(IP based)
GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE
Gc
EIR
Corporate 1
Server
MAP-F
Firewall
Gi.IP
Data
Packet
network
network
(Internet)
IGSN : Integrated SGSN/GGSN,
SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node, BG : Border Gateway
SK Telecom 이영찬
Gd
Router
Gn
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)
Gr
SMS-GMSC
Local
area
network
Corporate 2
Server
Router
Local
area
network
HSN 2001
umtsGPRS Features
Key User Features of GPRS
(Nonvoice value added service) VoIP Support
(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps) 144 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps
Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec
Quality of Service
Key Network Features of GPRS
Packet Switching
Spectrum Efficiency
• (GSM and GPRS) PS and CS share the same radio resources
Internet Aware
• End-to-end IP delivery
Support SMS and Paging
Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)
Designed to support IP and X25
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
umtsGPRS Limitations
Limitations of GPRS
(Limited Cell Capacity) Built-in support for future capacity enhancements
• Adaptive antennas
• Advanced receiver structures : Interference cancellation, MUD
Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps
(Transit Delays) Low Delays : 10ms frame length
no Store and Forward
QoS improvement needed
• (GPRS was not) UMTS was designed to provide Real Time services.
• (Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation)
High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable rate services on one
connection : variable spreading and multi-code operation
Mobile-specific standard
• (difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP QoS)
• GPRS and Mobile IP Integration (future)
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
umtsGPRS User Plane
Application
IP end to end
IP, PPP
IP,PPP
GTP Tunnel
Relay
PDCP
BMC
Relay
PDCP
BMC
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP/IP
MAC
MAC
AAL5
AAL5
L2
L2
L1
L1
ATM
ATM
L1
L1
Uu
MS
SK Telecom 이영찬
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP/IP UDP/IP
UDP/IP
Iu PS
UTRAN
IP
Gn
3G-SGSN
Gi
3G-GGSN
HSN 2001
GPRS 와 Mobile IP 비교
항목
GPRS
Mobile IP
(over cdma2000 1x)
Support
IP, X.25
IP Only (Internet Aware)
Protocol
IP / GTP / UDP / IP
Mobile IP / IP
Standard
Mobile Specific Standard
IETF Standard
RNC, SGSN, GGSN
PCF, PDSN(FA), HA
Iu-PS
R-P(A10, A11)
Multicast
GPRS망 내의 PTM-SC (1)
IP상의 IGMP
표준 규격
3GPP TS 23.060
3GPP2 IOS
서비스 엔터티
PS Domain
Interface
(heavy 3 layer protocol stack)
(1) GPRS 네트웍에서 PTM(Point-to-Multipoint) 서비스를 지원하는 PTM-SC(PTM Service Center)
SK Telecom 이영찬
11/16
HSN 2001
GPRS and Mobile IP Integration
GSM & GPRS
HLR
VLR
MSC
Gr
Gb
Abis
BSC
BTS
Gs
Gn
SGSN
External
data
network
Gi
GGSN
UMTS
Iu-PS
Iub
NodeB
RNC
IGSN
FA
IP
Mobile
IP
External
data
network
HA
GPRS : micro-mobility
MIP : macro-mobility
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
EDGE 와 1X EV 비교
항목
Channel
Size
EDGE
200 KHz
cdma2000 1x EV-DO cdma2000 1x EV-DV
1.25 MHz
1.25 MHz
Services Best effort Data Only
Peak
470 Kbps downlink
date rate
Compatible
No
with 2G
Best effort Data Only Mixed Voice & Data
2.457 Mbps downlink 5.184 Mbps downlink
153.6 Kbps uplink
614.4 kbps uplink
No
Yes
Modulation
8-PSK
QPSK, 8-PSK
16-QAM
QPSK, 8-PSK
16-QAM, 64-QAM
Voice
Hand-off
SGSN  GGSN
Not supported
Same as IS-95/IS-2000
Data
Hand-off
BSC + PCU
F:fast cell selection
R:soft
F:fast cell selection
R:soft
Multiple
Access
TDMA
TDMA (+ CDMA)
CDMA
SK Telecom 이영찬
11/16
HSN 2001
EDGE
EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for the GSM and TDMA Evolution)
기존 주파수에서 멀티미디어, IP 서비스를 384Kbps로 제공
타임 슬롯당 48Kbps의 속도로 최대 69.2Kbps까지 제공
GSM 표준인 GMSK(Gaussian prefiltered minimum shift keying)이 아닌 8PSK(8-phase shift keying ) Modulation 방식 사용으로 data rate가 3배 높
다.
EDGE와 GPRS를 결합함으로써 무선망 활용을 향상시키며 2001년 상용
서비스 실현을 목표로 개발
로직 채널 및 200KHz 주파수 대역폭을 이용하므로 기존 셀 계획을 그대로
사용해 약간의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 변경만으로 사용
EDGE는 GSM사업자뿐 아니라 TDMA방식 「IS-136(D-AMPS)」의 차기
시스템으로서도 이용 가능한 사양으로 유럽과 미국에서 합의
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
Coding Rates for EDGE & GPRS
GPRS
Rate
Rate
CS1
CS2
CS3
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)CS4
9.05kb/s
13.4kb/s
15.6kb/s
21.4kb/s
Rate
EDGE
Rate
MCS1
MCS2
MCS3
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)MCS4
8.8 kb/s
11.2 kb/s
14.8 kb/s
17.6 kb/s
Code
0.5
0.66
0.75
1.0
Code
0.53
0.66
0.80
1.00
EDGE = GMSK + PSK
MCS5
MCS6
MCS7
MCS8
8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)
SK Telecom 이영찬
Rate
22.4 kb/s
29.6 kb/s
44.8 kb/s
59.2 kb/s
Code Rate
0.37
0.49
0.76
1.00
EDGE - Key Aspects
• A new modulation Scheme
- 8PSK
• 200 KHz Channel spacing
- unchanged
• Symbol rate unchanged
- 270k symbol/s
BUT
- 3 bits/symbol
자료 : Motorola
HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR)
Peak Data Rate = 2.4Mbps
Throughput/Capacity = 620kbps
HDR is a Creative Technical Solution for Web Browsing Services –
demonstrated in trials
HDR is Limited to Bursty, Non-Real Time 1-Way Services
Cannot support voice, mixed voice & data, or real time 2-way services
Functionality limited by inherently large round-trip delays
Requires a Dedicated Data Carrier Throughout Network
Cannot seamlessly handoff to IS-95A/B or 1X systems
Roaming requires tri mode mobiles (IS95A/B, 1X and HDR)
HDR is a Hybrid CDMA/TDMA Technology
HDR Initial Chipsets Planned only for Data Devices, Not mixed Handsets
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)
Peak Data Rate = 5.2Mbps; Throughput/Capacity = 1.2Mbps
Peak rate achieved through 15 channel concatenation
Adaptive technologies greatly improve peak rates and capacity
• Adaptive Scheduling
– Optimize scheduling to support data only or mixed services
– Trade peak data capacity in support of mixed services
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding
– High Data Rate Carrier in 1.25MHz bandwidth
– 64 QAM ( ~5 Mbps peak), 16 QAM (~2.7 Mbps peak)
– Turbo codes : Error correction near theoretical limit
– Explicit Information Bit Rate Detection
• Adaptive Hybrid ARQ
– Automatically adapts to instantaneous channel conditions
– Enabled by novel Dual Channel Stop-and-Wait Hybrid ARQ
• Adaptive Multi-code Allocation
– Code Division Multiplex packets from different users within a frame
– Multiple codes for a single user within a frame supports peak data
rates
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)
• Adaptive Cell Site Selection
– Fast selection replaces forward link soft handoff for 1XTREME terminals
– Reduced interference leads to increased capacity
• Adaptive Antennas
– Downlink Tx Diversity (Space Time Block Coding)
– Uplink and Downlink Rx Antenna Diversity option
Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B and 1X
Supports handoffs between A/B/1X/1XTREME, carrier overlay, and
overflow of both voice and data through load management
Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services
Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
1XTREME Peak Data Rates
MCS
Downlink:
5.184 Mbps peak info
rate with 64 QAM
6
5
4
3
2
1
15 codes
Info Rate
Packet
(Mbps)
Size
5.1840
3.4560
3.4560
2.3040
1.7280
1.1520
25920
17280
17280
11520
8640
5760
1 code
Info Rate
Packet
(Mbps)
Size
0.3456
0.2304
0.2304
0.1536
0.1152
0.0768
1728
1152
1152
768
576
384
Code rate Modulation
3/4
1/2
3/4
1/2
3/4
1/2
64
64
16
16
4
4
Effective Information Bit Rate (Mbps)
# of
Attempts
1
2
3
Mod = 64
Rate = 3/4
Codes = 15
5.184
2.592
1.728
Mod = 64
Rate = 1/2
Codes = 15
3.456
1.728
1.152
Mod = 16
Rate = 3/4
Codes = 15
3.456
1.728
1.152
Mod = 16
Rate = 1/2
Codes = 15
2.304
1.152
0.768
Mod = 4
Rate = 3/4
Codes = 15
1.728
0.864
0.576
Uplink:
460.8 Kbps, 307.2 Kbps, 153.6 Kbps, 76.8 Kbps, 38.4
Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 9.6 Kbps
Mod = 4
Rate = 1/2
Codes = 15
1.152
0.576
0.384
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
UMTS Data Network 구성
망 구성 방안
상용 시점에 따라서 3GPP R’99 또는 R4 / R5 기반으로 구성
GSM 및 gsmGPRS 고유의 기능을 위한 Overhead 제거
• 2G GSM과의 연동 및 Backward Compatibility를 위해 존재하는 부분 제거
• umtsGPRS 부분만 적용 (3GPP 표준 준수하는 범위에서)
UTRAN 부분은 ATM 기반
• All IP로 진화하면 Pure IP로 바뀌는 것이 효률적
Core Network 부분은 Pure IP 기반
문제점
umtsGPRS망과 cdma2000 1x DCN의 연동 및 결합
•
•
•
•
•
공통 Node (AAA, HA, Charging Server…..)의 구성방안
UMTS MAP과 IS-41 MAP의 차이
설계 단계에서 발생한 Service Profile (QoS…) 차이
2G HLR, SCP, SMSC등 Nodes와 3G Nodes
IS-95A/B Data Network과의 Roaming 문제
진화 절차 및 단계
• 상용화 된 망의 규모에 따라 새로운 Architecture 도입 판단
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001
Wireless Data Network 의 진화
Alternative
Access
Network
SCP
R-SGW
Mw
Ms
Mh
SGSN
GGSN
Legacy mobile
signaling
Network
Applications &
Services *)
CAP
Gn
Other PLMN
Gp
CSCF
Gf
UMTS
TE
MRF
Gi
Gc
SGSN
Mg
Gi
MGCF
T-SGW *)
Mc
GGSN
Gn
IGSN(FA)
Gi
UTRAN
MT
R
Mr
Gi
EIR
Iu-ps
Mm
Cx
HSS *)
Gr
Multimedia
IP Networks
CSCF
PSTN/
Legacy/External
MGW
Uu
M-IP
Gi
cdma2000 1x
TE
MT
R
CSCF
HSS
MGCF
MGW
MRF
R-SGW
SCP
T-SGW
Call State Control Function
Home Subscriber Server
Media Gateway Control Function
Media Gateway
Media Resource Function
Roaming Signalling Gateway
Service Control Point
Transport Signalling Gateway
SK Telecom 이영찬
PDSN
RAN
Um
R-P
CSCF
M-IP HA
M-IP
Gi
MRF
Pi
Applications
& Services *)
HSS *)
SCP
Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
HSN 2001
Conclusion
Core Technology
GPRS와 Mobile IP의 결합
All IP Network으로 진화
Radio Spectrum 효율이 혁신적으로 개선 (smart antenna와 같은
beam forming application)
QoS / CoS
Internet 기술과 Wireless Data Network의 결합
향후 과제
Multimedia Contents
Operator의 전략
• 통화료
• Roaming
• 서비스 차별화
다양한 Terminals
SK Telecom 이영찬
HSN 2001