Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry
Download
Report
Transcript Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Chemistry
What is Chemistry?
Study
of the composition of
matter and the changes
matter undergoes.
Areas of Study
of Chemistry
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry
Biochemistry -
Scientific Method
An important scientific discovery may involve
some luck, but one must be prepared to
recognize the lucky event.
• Alexander Fleming
Most advances in science involves little or no
luck, but a logical systematic approach to the
solution of a difficult problem.
Scientific Method
Logical
approach to the solution
of scientific problem.
Related to ordinary common
sense.
Observation
Using
your senses to obtain
information directly.
Hypothesis
A
possible explanation or
reason for what is observed.
A proposal
Experiment
Test the hypothesis.
For the results of an experiment to be
accepted, the experiment must produce
the same result no matter how many
times it is repeated, or by whom.
If the experimenting does not support
the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be
changed.
The process of testing the hypothesis
must be carried out until the hypothesis
fits all the observed experimental facts.
Theory
Once a scientific hypothesis meets the
test of repeated experimentation, it may
become a theory.
A theory is a broad and extensively
tested explanation of why experiments
give certain results.
A theory can never be proved because
it is always possible that a new
experiment will disprove it.
Theories give you the power to predict
the behavior of natural systems.
Scientific Law
Concise statement that summarizes the
results of many observations and
experiments.
Describes a natural phenomenon without
attempting to explain it.
Can be expressed at a mathematical
equation.
A
law states what happens; a
theory explains why.
Understanding Concepts
Chemistry deals with scientific facts - facts
that can be discovered by making
observations and doing experiments.
It is often necessary to rely on information
that others have discovered.
Diamond
Hardest known substance.
A form of the element carbon.
Highly ordered molecular structure.
Not the most stable form of carbon.
Macro vs. Micro
Macroscopic - things you see with the
unaided eye or large scale
experimenting.
Microscopic - things too small to see
with the unaided eye - or small scale
experimenting.