Transcript Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

Chapter 1
Introduction to
Chemistry
What is Chemistry?
 Study
of the composition of
matter and the changes
matter undergoes.
Areas of Study
of Chemistry
1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
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Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry
Biochemistry -
Scientific Method
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An important scientific discovery may involve
some luck, but one must be prepared to
recognize the lucky event.
• Alexander Fleming
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Most advances in science involves little or no
luck, but a logical systematic approach to the
solution of a difficult problem.
Scientific Method
 Logical
approach to the solution
of scientific problem.
 Related to ordinary common
sense.
Observation
 Using
your senses to obtain
information directly.
Hypothesis
A
possible explanation or
reason for what is observed.
 A proposal
Experiment
Test the hypothesis.
 For the results of an experiment to be
accepted, the experiment must produce
the same result no matter how many
times it is repeated, or by whom.

If the experimenting does not support
the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be
changed.
 The process of testing the hypothesis
must be carried out until the hypothesis
fits all the observed experimental facts.
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Theory
Once a scientific hypothesis meets the
test of repeated experimentation, it may
become a theory.
 A theory is a broad and extensively
tested explanation of why experiments
give certain results.

A theory can never be proved because
it is always possible that a new
experiment will disprove it.
 Theories give you the power to predict
the behavior of natural systems.
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Scientific Law
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Concise statement that summarizes the
results of many observations and
experiments.
Describes a natural phenomenon without
attempting to explain it.
Can be expressed at a mathematical
equation.
A
law states what happens; a
theory explains why.
Understanding Concepts


Chemistry deals with scientific facts - facts
that can be discovered by making
observations and doing experiments.
It is often necessary to rely on information
that others have discovered.
Diamond
Hardest known substance.
 A form of the element carbon.
 Highly ordered molecular structure.
 Not the most stable form of carbon.

Macro vs. Micro
Macroscopic - things you see with the
unaided eye or large scale
experimenting.
 Microscopic - things too small to see
with the unaided eye - or small scale
experimenting.
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