Transcript Reducing Stunting: Situation Analysis and multi- sectoral programming approaches Benefited from AgBendech

Reducing Stunting: Situation Analysis and multisectoral programming approaches
by Eleni Asmare (PhD)
Benefited from AgBendech
Ag Bendech, Senior Nutrition Officer, RAF | FAO
Background
• One out of every four children in the world under the age of
five is stunted.
• This means 165 million children who are so malnourished will
never reach their full physical and cognitive potential
• About 2 billion people in the world lack vitamins and minerals
that are essential for good health
• Some 1,4 billion people are overweight. Of these about onethird are obese and at risk of coronary heart disease,
diabetes or other health problem
• Different types of malnutrition can coexist within a country,
a household or even an individual
• One sector alone can not reduce the stunting, the multisectoral approaches are required for significant and require
reduction of stunting prevalence
3
Towards 2050
FOOD DEMAND
FOOD PRODUCTION NEEDS (2050)
+60%
+100%
Globally
in developing Countries
Undernourishment around
the world (SOFI, 2013)
• Hunger is declining: A total of 842 million people
suffering from chronic hunger in 2011–13, down from
868 million in SOFI 2012
• The vast majority, 827 million, live in developing
countries.
Progress in almost all regions,
but at very different rates
165 Million Children Under 5 (2011)
Stunted Growth – 56 Million in
Africa
Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.
(UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2012).
%
Estimated Prevalence of Stunting of
Children Under Five Years of Age
Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank,
Washington, DC; 2012
Why multi-sectoral programming approaches are required to
accelerate the reduction of stunting? What can agriculture
contribute?
Food safety
Production,
processing,
storage and
marketing of
nutritious foods
 Food
availability (year round)
 Income
 Access (year
round)
 Utilization
Biodiversity
Biofortification
Fortification
Natural and
human resource
management
and safe
agriculture
practices
Good nutrition and
health
Nutrition
education
Adequate
dietary intake
Household access
to safe and
diverse FOOD
Health
Labor saving
technology
Adequate
maternal & child
CARE practices
Access to safe
water, sanitation
& adequate
HEALTH services
Quantity and quality of actual RESOURCES human, economic &
organisational and the way they are controlled
Potential resources: environment, technology, people
Income used
for health &
hygiene,
And education
UPDATED Framework for Actions to Achieve Optimum Fetal
and Child Nutrition and Development (Lancet Series )
Ethiopia’s multi-sectoral strategies lead to stunting
reduction
Success factors
•
•
•
•
•
Comprehensive national nutrition
programme (NNP)
Expanded and effective community based
nutrition (CBN) programme
Expanded treatment of severe acute
malnutrition and micronutrient
supplementation
Improved IYCF, management of diarrhoea
and vitamin A coverage
Alignment with national food security
strategy, with Productive Safety Net
Programme (PSNP).
10
Sources: DHS 2000, 2005, 2011 /UNICEF, UN System Network, 2013
Mali’s multi-sectoral strategies
lead to stunting reduction
40%
Success factors
38%
•
34%
35%
30%
•
28%
25%
20%
MC
•
15%
•
10%
•
Coordinated and decentralized effort of
partners including CSO with focus on
community nutrition
•
Expanded and integrated Community
Health System (CSCOM) managed by
community networks.
5%
0%
EDSM-III 2001
EDSM-IV 2006
MICS 2010
Comprehensive Approach of Targeting the
most 168 vulnerable communes
Expanded Food Security programming
coupled to food assistance and Safety
nets mainly in vulnerable communes
Expanded treatment of severe acute
malnutrition and micronutrient
supplementation
Improved Infant and Young Child Feeding
Lessons learned from country
programming
Need to improvie synergy between the main sectors (Health,
Agriculture, Education, Social protection…) :
– Create insentive for working together
– Against the multiples causes of malnutrition
– Maximize the impacts
Need to foster continuously the implementation capacities for:
– sustaining adequate coverage of interventions
– sustaining the quality of provided services
Lessons learned from country
programming (---end)
Need to Strength intersectoral coordination mechanisms at all
levels (not only at central level) with
– Clear institutional framework
– Effective participation of Civil Society Organization (CSO),
Private sector and other local key parners
Need to foster institutional and social Governance through :
– Sustainables and functional institutions with adaptation
capacity to changing environment)
– Government ownership and accountability focused on a
common results framework
– Transparent partnerships
– Implemented Capacity Development Strategy with effective
access to information to CSO and all partners at community
level
Conclusions
• Nutrition requires a multi-sectoral response
• Strong governmental leadership and good governance
mechanism , including the equity dimension, with a clear vision
are crucial
• Long-term commitment to mainstreaming food security and
nutrition in public policies and programmes is key to stunting
reduction
• Nutrition-enhancing interventions are crucial. Improvements
require a range of nutrition-enhancing interventions in agriculture,
health, hygiene, water supply and education, particularly targeting
women.
• Social safety nets when integrated in food security programmes
can enhance productive capacities, growth and investment,
particularly for small producers; those that target women and
children contribute to reduce stunting .
For more information
The State of
Food Insecurity in the World
The international reference
on global hunger issues
www.fao.org/publications/sofi
[email protected]
Thank you!
Ag Bendech, Senior Nutrition Officer, RAF | FAO