Transcript Document 7562897

Social aspects of decommisioning
Workforce redeployment for decommissioning
__Experiences from decommissioning of the Greifswald NPP
_______________________________________________
Axel Bäcker EWN GmbH
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Contents of the presentation
• The NPP Greifswald
– Milestones and important events in the history
– The initial situation for decommissioning
• General social problems at the beginning of the decommissioning
• General measures/approaches to solve the social problems
• Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
– Personnel reduction
– Privatization
– Personnel training for decommissioning tasks
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View on the NPP Greifswald
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NPP Greifswald
Milestones in the NPP’s history
1967: start of construction (8 WWER 440/230 units are planned)
– As state collective combine “VEB Kernkraftwerke”
• The aim of the formation of a collective combine: high independence,
realisation of virtually all works (operation, maintenance, qualification,
research,…) by own personnel
1974 - 1879: commissioning of units 1 - 4
1989: commissioning of unit 5, unit 6 ready for commissioning, units 7&8
under construction (all are of more recent model WWER 440/213)
1990: German Reunification
– Transformation from state combine into EWN AG (since 1991 GmbH)
– With the Reunification: criticism of the safety standard
– Result from safety analysis of units 1 – 4: Safety improvement is not possible
--> Final shut down in 1990
– Result from safety analysis of unit 5: Safety improvement is possible
--> Due to uncertainties (cost and licensing risks, no investors) stop of Unit 5
commissioning and stop of all activities for Units 6 – 8
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NPP Greifswald
Milestones in the NPP’s history
1991: Decision for Decommissioning of the whole plant
– Because of social and economic considerations decision for immediate
(direct) removal of the installations (without any technical preparation!)
– Start of preparatory works for decommissioning
– --> subsequently: personnel reduction
1992: Start of construction of the Interim Storage North (ISN)
– Lack of storage capacities for radwastes
– limited operation licence for the existing wet spent fuel storage
1994: Application for Decommissioning
1995: Licence for Decommissioning (30 June 1995)
1997: Commissioning of the Interim Storage North
2012: anticipated finalisation of the decommissioning process
– Final status: “brown field”
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NPP Greifswald
Milestones in the NPP’s history
Initial situation for decommissioning (status in 1990/91)
• “VEB Kernkraftwerke” as a state collective combine for the operation of
the NPPs Rheinsberg and Greifswald, consisted of:
– NPP Greifswald (WWER 440) and NPP Rheinsberg (WWER 70)
– NPP Stendal (WWER 1000) under construction
– Final storage for radioactive waste at Morsleben (ERAM)
– Research and Development institutes at Berlin and Leipzig
• The personnel amounted to about 8000 employees in total (EWN about 5000)
• The NPPs were shut down and their decommissioning were anticipated
• The NPPs were not prepared for decommissioning
– No structure, no strategy, no preparatory planning, no infrastructure, no …
– Staff not prepared for decommissioning tasks
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Initial situation and consequences
Initial situation:
• The production stops, the turnover reduces
• The manpower requirements considerably decreases
• The payment of wages for personnel becomes problematic
Consequences for the NPP:
• Reduction of personnel, dismissals
• Migration of the needed high qualified personnel
• Decrease of working moral and productivity
Consequences for the region:
• Increase of unemployment
• Decrease of tax yields and less opportunities for investments
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Problems at the NPP
First substantial problems at the NPP:
• Decision on general (overall) strategic issues for the whole
decommissioning process
• Restructuring of the company for decommissioning
• Motivation of personnel, ensuring the permanent personnel level
• Planning of the personnel reduction
• Ensuring the financing
• Acceptance by the public
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Problems at the NPP
Decisions on general (overall) strategic issues at EWN
•
•
•
•
•
Complete direct dismantling (i. e. no safe enclosure period)
Realization of as much as possible activities
with own personnel
No general (major) contractor
Industrial reuse of the site
Support
Social acceptable personnel reduction
– Implementation of a retirement scheme
– Support for privatization/ outsourcing
– Education/training for
• decommissioning
• better position on the labour market
– Dismissal with economical support
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Problems at the NPP
Planning of the personnel reduction
• Is closely connected with the overall strategic decisions
• Tools/possibilities:
–
–
–
–
–
Early retirement schemes
Redundancy pay for dismissed personnel
Short-time work
Retraining and further qualification of personnel that is to be dismissed
Search/acquisition of new business fields –> to use the know-how
PROBLEM: Financing, appropriate legal framework
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Measures to solve the social problems
Qualification/ training of personnel
(in cooperation with regional institutions)
•
•
•
•
for decommissioning tasks
for better chances at the labour market
privatisation, management, market economy
...
Analysis of possibilities for privatisation
• Who? What? When?
• support measures, boundary conditions, dependencies
• ...
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Approaches for solutions
Approaches for the NPP
• “Internal”
–
–
–
–
–
Decision to use own personnel for decommissioning
Support for privatization/ outsourcing
Training of staff for decommissioning
Inclusion of local companies in decommissioning activities
Use of the decommissioning Know How for external projects
• “External”
– Coordination with regional development strategy
– Support for industrial reuse of the site (use of existing infrastructure)
– Timely release of NPP territory for the settlement of industries
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel development/changes
•
Greifswald and Rheinsberg NPP total staff in 1990:
•
Personnel development/changes in 1990 - 1994
–
–
–
–
–
–
Education for new job
Retirement (adopted scheme)
New employees
privatization and departure with economic support
dismissal jobless
remaining personnel
ca. 5570
ca. 400
ca. 270
ca. 150
ca. 1600
ca. 1600
ca. 1700
 1/3 of the employees remained in the company
 1/3 got new jobs
 1/3 got jobless or retired
12 years
________________________________________________________________________________________
•
Greifswald and Rheinsberg NPP total staff today:
4 years
ca. 1100
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
• Personnel reduction at the EWN GmbH
– Blue: staff for EWN decommissioning project
– Red: additional staff for external projects
Personnel development of EWN GmbH
5500
5564
5000
4500
5231
Number of staff
4000
3500
3000
3640
Planning
2500
2000
2080
1792
1500
1693 1567
1526 1502
1000
-2
72
1468 1405
1355 1310
1200
153
1092
252
959
316
870
500
381
473
625
546
745
222
370
244
0
1990
1991 1992
1993
1994
1995 1996
1997
1998
1999 2000
2001
2002
2003 2004
2005
2006
453
587
2007 2008
2009
2010
Year
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237
128
2011 2012
270
30
2013
NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Realisation of personnel reduction (dismissal, reemployment)
1. Determination of tasks
2. Elaboration of job plans, descriptions and requirements
3. Job classification
–
–
Category A: jobs will be maintained
Category B: jobs will be reduced
 employees will stay
 reduction by social selection
–
Category C: new jobs
 application open for all; selection
based on professional qualification,
social criteria
Training
4. Personnel selection/reduction
–
–
–
Selection by social criteria for comparable employees
• comparable jobs, interchangeability according to employment contract,
remuneration (payment)
Release by special regulations for early retirement, work termination contracts or
dismissal
Use of compensation payments according to a social plan
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Privatisation/ outsourcing
•
The privatization efforts were concentrated on activities outside the
nuclear operation, such as:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Building maintenance
Catering
Cleaning service
Site supervision (safeguards)
Hotel
Educational centre and operation simulator
Software development
These new companies are involved (partly) in the decommissioning
process as subcontractors
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Based on the actual personnel structure & qualification and the “new”
requirements for decommissioning  “to fill the gaps”
• Basic topics/training areas are:
– General management issues,
– Qualification for operation and maintenance of new facilities and
equipment,
– Qualification of personnel for decommissioning (to dismantling and
demolition tasks),
– Material management (waste and other materials),
– Dosimetry, radiation safety and environmental protection,
– Quality assurance.
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topics/training areas – overview on training measures
No. of staff trained in different matters
800
700
Management issues
600
Operation and
maintenance
500
Decommissioning
400
300
Safety and environment
issues
200
QA and other support
topics
100
All training total
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topic - General management
– Business administration,
laws, IT-technologies and electronic data
No. of staff trained in different matters
processing
300
250
200
Laws
150
Business administration
100
IT, data processing
50
Management issues
total
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topic - Operation and maintenance of new facilities/equipment
– Operation of waste management
facilities, process technology
No. of staff trained in different matters
60
50
40
Facility operation and
process technique
30
Nuclear
energy/technology
20
Operation and
maintenance total
10
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topic - Decommissioning and Material management
– Requalification for new jobs:
• E.g. Dismantling and demolition techniques
• E.g. Handling of hazardous materials (such as asbestos)
– I&C, Electrotechnics and electronics
• E.g. for system adaptations, shut down activities, new installations
– Waste management, transport equipment and logistics
• E.g. plant internal transports and temporary storages
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topic - Decommissioning and Material management
– Requalification for new
jobs:
No. of staff trained in different matters
• E.g. Dismantling and demolition techniques
300
• E.g. Handling of hazardous materials (such as asbestos)
250
– I&C, Electrotechnics and electronics
Requalification
200
• E.g. for system adaptations, shut down activities, new installations
I&C Electrotechnics &
– Waste management, transport equipment and logistics
electronic
150
Waste management
• E.g. plant internal transports and temporary storages
100
Transpor & logistics
50
Decommissioning
total
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topic - Radiation safety and environmental protection
– Due to increased amount
(scope) of work in contaminated areas
No. of staff trained in different matters
250 – Supporting measures for dismantling and waste management activities
200
Radiation safety
150
Environmental
protection
100
Safety and environment
issues total
50
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning
• Basic topic - Quality assurance and other supporting training
No. of staff trained in different matters
350
300
250
Fisrt aid, health
physics and others
200
Quality assurance
150
Languages
100
QA and other support
topics total
50
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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NPP Decommissioning and social consequences
Facts from the EWN decommissioning project
Personnel training for decommissioning – Lessons learned
• Concentrated, specialized “decommissioning training” is not required
• Training is (in general) a permanent ongoing and smoothly running task
• Own personnel knows best the facility and decommissioning challenges
• Decommissioning works in general are not new ones – there are many
common features with “usual” maintenance
• The biggest challenges are:
– To organize and to manage the decommissioning process
– To master the new techniques and technologies (new equipment)
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Thank you for your attention!
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